Arabic Literature

Abstract Maqsad-ol-Aqsa fi tarjamat-ol-Mostaqsa« is a detailed history of Mohammad (peace be upon him) and the khalifas, which is translated from Arabic by Hossein Ibn el-Hassan el-khwarazmi el-kubravi (died in A.H. 839). His other writings prove his talent in many different scientific fields such as Gnosticism, commentary of Quran, mathematics and astronomy. His poems were published as »the name of Hossein –e- mansour –e- Hallaj. A knowledgeable correction on his poetical works seems to be necessary. The Mostaqsa principally based on the Sahih of Muslim and al-Bukhari and on the Moatta, this book has been written in the later half of the sixth century of the Hijrah in twenty-five chapters, from birth and genealogy of Mohammad to khilafat of Imam Ali and Imam Hassan. To the last chapter the translator has added six sections (maqsad), containing notices of the Imam Hossein to Imam Reza. Correction of Al-Maqsad ol-Aqsa is important from two perspectives: first of all to understand Abol-karam Abd ol-Salam Andaresfani’s personality, a knowledgeable and sophisticated master in Hadith (sixth century) whom we are not completely aware of his life in detail. This book points to some of his scripts and writings. Second of all to comprehend the writer’s character (Hossain khwarazmi) whom his complete life is not thoroughly clear too.

Abstract Since the beginning of the presence of the holy Qur’an, criticism and rhetoric have received attention in the areas of culture and thought, too. In this respect we can name some literary and rhetorical works like Maj?z al-Qur’?n by Abu Ubaydah Ma’mar Ibn Muthann?, Ket?b al-Fas?hah by Abu H?tam Sajest?ni, E’j?z al-Qur’?n by J?hez Basri, Naqd al-Nathr wa Naqd al-She’r by Abu al-Faraj Qud?mah ibn Ja’far, al-She’r wa al-Shu’ar? by Ibn Qutaybah Dinvari and al-K?mel by Mubarrad. Furthermore, in the fourth century AH, Abdullah Ibn Mu’tazz studied Quranic figures of speech and wrote on the science of rhetoric, ?medi authored Mov?zeneh and Abu Hel?l ‘Askari, in the middle of the fourth century, wrote al-San?’atain. The role of the Qur’an in criticism and rhetoric has also influenced the focus of writers on issues like rhetoric and balance from Aristotle’s perspective, the mysteries of language, aesthetic skills, syntax and its functions, Quranic sciences as well as the relation between rhetoric and the miraculous inimitability of the Qur’an. This paper studies the role of the Qur’an in criticism, rhetoric, lexis, collocations, form, content, music, imagery, the harmony of form and content, and the features of storytelling and stylistics.