Arabic Literature

Abstract Poetic space," the world constructed by the poet, consists of multiple and intricate elements, with time holding a prominent position. The past, present, and future are embodied in a unique interplay, enabling the poet to explore the depths of the human psyche and express their visions. As the poet begins to craft their poem, they paint a personal temporal canvas, evoking memories of the past, experiencing the present moment in its sensory and emotional details, or looking to the future with apprehension or hope. These multiple temporal dimensions, through their interaction and intertwining, lend poetry depth and richness, allowing the reader to experience a fully dimensional poetic journey. This research, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, aims to study the poetic time space in Fadel Ibrahim Al-Hamdani's poetry based on Gérard Genette's narrative theory. The research findings indicate that the temporal structure in Al-Hamdani's poetry is characterized by its linear (sequential) and interactive (non-linear) nature, where external time, linked to tangible events and historical occurrences, intersects with internal time, associated with the poet's self-awareness and emotions. To achieve this complex temporal structure, Al-Hamdani skillfully employs a range of narrative techniques. He uses flashback to document human experiences, recall past events, and highlight their impact on the present. He also uses foreshadowing to express his inner self and allude to what the future may hold. Additionally, Al-Hamdani utilizes descriptive pauses and dialogue to slow down the narrative pace, highlight minute details, and showcase psychological and emotional conflicts. Conversely, he employs ellipsis and summary to accelerate the narrative pace, condensing long periods, thereby aiding in the delivery of focused and impactful ideas. These temporal techniques are clearly manifested in Al-Hamdani's poetry through his recollection of memories with his beloved and the events he witnessed in his homeland during the American occupation of Iraq, highlighting the organic relationship between time and the sense of belonging and identity

Abstract This study examined historical and religious characters and events emanating myth of phoenix manifesting renewal and resurrection after death and destruction in Adonis’s poetries. These concepts is symbols of realities in Arabic societies. Adonis described the society in vortex of leeway, inaction and absolute death. Considering phoenix as a symbol of revolutionary human, Adonis tried to back to glorious period (civilization of Fynyqy) and revolted against current Arabic civilization. Two usages of phoenix were considered in Adonis’s poetries; first, summoning (the role of a human or as poet himself) and second, eminent noun (clearly expressing the word of phoenix).