Arabic Literature

Abstract From the formalists' viewpoint, verbal repetitions and the way they are used in the structure of artistic and aesthetic poetic texts have a great effect on the prominence of words. In literary texts, choosing the right words, the type of arrangement in the sentence, how words relate to each other in word structure, Pay attention to the sounds and music hidden in the letters that make up them it is effective in creating music and creating a harmonious atmosphere in literary texts. Repetition in new Arabic poetry has its particular form and structure and it is displayed at different levels of speech including the repetition of letters, vocabulary, sentences. The way these repetitions are placed in the texture of an ode shapes different forms in the structure of repetitions in the architecture of the ode which the  has a strong relationship  with the content of poetry and the poetic experience of the poet and is considered as an important foundation in appearing phonemic balance and melody of speech. This article aims at scrutinizing geometric repetitions in the poetry of Amal Donqol via analytic. Descriptive method. In Donqol's poem one can encounter different kinds of scholarly technical and with certain objectives. In a way that syntactic semantic cohesion of Donqol's odes is to a great extent. Based on geometric repetitions. Repetition in Donqol's poems aims at developing meaning, emphasis and stabilizing the message in the mind of the addressee, picturing and high lighting the concepts meant by the poet.

Abstract One of the most important kinds of ironies is verbal irony which has been utilized in the level, and in this oral method which words meaning, consciously and unconsciously, opposite their real meaning. it is a type of bidirectional and contradictory state in the speech in which words and surface structures lose their dictionary meaning and, implicitly and ironically, are opposite to the narrator’s intended speech. this kind of irony which in Arab literature is known as verbal irony has been applied ridiculously and satirically which some of its uses can be seen in Jāhiz’s fables. This paper investigates the narrations of Albukhala using descriptive-analytical method and evaluates Jāhiz’s wording in describing the parsimonious people and their characteristics from the view of verbal irony in the template of mock, sarcasm, humor, pseudo humor and etc. in order to ridicule the parsimonious people and criticize his contemporary community.

Abstract Since language is one of the most important arenas for face saving actions, each language has its mechanisms for it.
This article tries to study the use of the demonstratives as a face saving device in the Quran and sheds light on how translators deal with this phenomenon.
In this research, which has been conducted on the basis of a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on the conceptual metaphors theory, researchers have come to this conclusion that the Quran has used distal demonstratives as a face saving device and utilizing this mechanism is based on an orientational metaphor that "all good and valuable things are inaccessible", and this inaccessibility could be in a horizontal or vertical axis.
Some translators have considered this linguistic phenomenon, and employing different approaches have tried to translate correctly, while others have disregarded this fact.