Arabic Literature

Abstract Picaresqe is an important style in contemporary fiction that writers use to express their views on society and its problems and to critique the social, political, economic and moral situation in their works. Picaresqe stories; it is the story of their adventures and their sufferinds and dangers, which is why they are often written in the form of real autobiographical stories from the point of view of a first-person or third-person conscience. This fictional genre first appeared in 16th century Spain and later spread to other world literatures. Mohammad Shokri has also used this style of story to reflect the society of Moroccan and the Arab world and the deteriorating situation in her works. The main purpose of this paper, which is written in a descriptive – analytical method, is to analyze the content characteristics of Picaresqe in the novels "AL-Khobz AL-Hafi, AL-Shottar and vujooh" known as the Shokri trilogy. This trilogy tells the story of Mohammad Picaro from the beginning to the end and through the author it depicts the problems of the deprived and lower classes of Moroccan society at the time. Findings suggest that content characteristics that place the Shokri trilogy in Picaresqe''s novel are critical realism, travel and confront the protagonist with various events, poverty, and the need for a protagonist, unemployment, displacement, and absurd adventures. Madness and companionship whit cunning and slaves, rebellion against social lows and customs, satire and criticism of of society and people, expression of social disorders and moral corruption and bitter satire. Because literary works generally arise from the cultural, social and economic conditions of society and profound impact on people''s lives and shokri''s trilogy is written in the same way, so addressing this issue can reveal many aspects of the Moroccan society of the time to the reader

Abstract Mahmood al-Sa’dani is an Egyptian contemporary satirist, journalist, and author. Many of his works are satires on socio-political issues of the Arab society. Humor is the only way he uses to express his thoughts and ideas freely and to criticize the cultural, political, social, and living conditions of the Arab world. His satirical speech explains the spiritual needs of the Egyptian society. In his book Himer Min al-Sharq, which is a controversial parody of Tawfiq al-Hakim’s novel A Sparrow from the East, Sa’dani depicts the cultural confrontation of the East and the West through his journey to Paris. In favor of the French culture, he criticizes the negative—or unfavorable—aspects of the Arab world and its social and political corruption with so artistic a satirical language. The irony is that he expresses the problems of the Arab society by praising them. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, the authors of this article intend to analyze this book to explain the satire techniques in it. The aim of this research is to explain the role that comedy plays in the explanation of and solving social problems and to measure the success of Sa’dani. The results of this research demonstrate that Sa’dani, with his powerful writing and great knowledge, has managed to express critical issues in creating irony through language techniques and reversal of values. Another point is that although both of these novels talk about the surprise of the oriental man in his confrontation with Western civilization, the satirical expression of the problems of the East and, in particular, the Arab society by Sa’dani shows that he neither accepts nor rejects al-Hakim’s view of the East, but Hakim, who first is of a non-material world view, changes his view and, like Sa’dani, comes to adopt a material perspective toward the East.