Arabic Literature

Abstract Phenomenological and different dimensions of discourse including sensory, perceptual, emotional and aesthetic dimensions are based on systems. Greimas has divided them into action, action, tension, and action. Semantics studies based on the process of meaning production. This article has analyzed the poem "A letter to Saif bin Dhi Yazen" according to the approach of Greimas' action-oriented analysis. Relying on the action-oriented analysis approach, the authors seek to understand and explain the meaning generation process in this ode. According to the obtained results, the poem begins by drawing a tense atmosphere. The speaker is under the influence of sensory and perceptive conditions and is not receptive to these conditions. He invites Saif bin Dhi Yazen to a confrontation. According to the transcendental system that dominates the discourse, in the course of the narrative, the narrator seeks to make the spoken to move and rise. The poet portrays the reality of the stagnant and distressed society. By using movement and aesthetic schemas, it seeks to transfer the sense and perception embedded in one's existence to the spoken word and create an action stage. The narrative moves from stillness to movement. In the tense stage, the lack of interaction is drawn, and at the end, the active presence of Saif bin Zhi Yazen is established. An action that has brought liberation and life to the homeland and the land and has depicted the repossession of the homeland and the land as a valuable object

Abstract The semantic networks of each discourse are formed based on the identity meanings of actors who, relying on their power, can have the greatest impact on other actors in the society. Based on this principle, Castells has divided the types of identity into three categories: identity of program maker, identity of legitimacy and identity of resistance. In order to explain the functional characteristics of the dominant actor in Shazaya Firouz's novel, this research has investigated the process of identity formation in this story. Shifting the meaning of the two concepts of "sin" and "homeland", turning the meaning of the concept of "blasphemy" and expanding the range of its semantic inclusion to all different ideas, forging the identity of the central government by relying on the concept of Caliph and calling him Amir al-Mu'minin, creating an apocalyptic environment using technologies The novel, which Castells sees as a way to create a network society based on communication nodes and not hierarchical systems, is one of the strategies that the main actor of the novel (ISIS) has used for the process of identity formation, and many of them distance Isis from the concept of resistance identity. . Also, women, as the main theme of the novel, for whom the important events of the story are completely based on the redefinition of the identity of ISIS, have been the main targets of the actions of the dominant activist to redefine the identity. In the process of identity formation, women are included in a marginal construction in terms of the meaning of identity, and in some cases they are even placed in the "meaninglessness" of identity and equality with animals and objects

Abstract Since violence represents suppressive aspect of power, a violent relationship between the inferior and superior parties is inevitable. By combining philosophical and everyday life concepts, Žižek depicted different dimensions of violence. The novel At the ISIS table narrates the suffering of the Izadi people who encountered the invasion and genocide of ISIL. Using Žižek's model, this study had an attempt to explain the different layers of ISIL violence against Izadi people to show how the author has represented different dimensions of violence in the events of the story and has applied the issue of violence as a narrative theme. The results of the research showed that all types of violence in the novel are influenced by the violence of the gods mentioned by Žižek. By applying systemic violence, ISIL intends to de-institutionalize the family and other social foundations. ISIL's methods for repressing women are active and symbolic, and at the same time, it has not neglected active methods such as using women against women. ISIL used takfir of the "other" to justify violence against its members, and the Izadis were doomed to destruction as a manifestation of infidelity that hindered the realization of the caliphate's objectives. In the present novel, women are the biggest victims of violence, and their inferior position has historically added to ISIL's power to commit systemic and absolute violence against women.

Abstract With the emergence of poetic modernity, contemporary Arabic poetry moved from its own narrow framework to new open spaces. In fact, modernity unleashed poetry and made it benefit from other arts. One of the most important features of poetic modernity is the combination of poetry and narration. This combination, as one of the results of modernity in thought and awareness, enriches poetry in terms of aesthetics and connotations, breaks the monotony of poetry, expands its circle, and the narration with its techniques and elements makes the poetic text vibrate with movement and makes it deeper and open. The Iraqi poet Maad al-Jubouri is one of the most prominent poets who used narration and its energies in their poetry. We see the narrative hegemony over the poet’s poetic space in all his works and the narrative and poetic overlap reached the degree of poetic sensitivity in him. This research attempts to study the presence of the narration in the poetry of Jubouri by studying his “Where the River Returns.” The article argues that the narration has an intense presence in the poem and the poet uses it creatively and with a keen awareness of its effectiveness and thus makes the poetic text pulsate with movement and vitality which enables him to master the poetic connotations. The state of dynamism and vitality and the overlap of poetry with narration are the poet’s means to create an integrated and coherent poetic ground that contributes to the success of communication and the process of reception.

Abstract Semiotics which emerged in the early twentieth century by Saussure and Pierce is a science that examines linguistic signs. Semiotics is a broad and pervasive branch of divergent and convergent schools that analyzes the signs of semantic production. One of the most important branches of semiotics is social semiotics, which is based on the linguistic role of Michael Halliday and emphasizes the context of the text. The present study, which is written in an analytical descriptive manner, seeks to analyze the context of the poem “Al-Asha al-akhir” which is one of the most important poems of Amal Donqol, a contemporary Egyptian poet (1940-1983), based on the principles of social semiotics. The poem is the result of the years following the Six-Day War which was fought between Egypt, Jordan, and Syria in 1967. It depicts the turmoil and bitterness of the Arabs’ defeat and its consequences, as well as the corruption in the governments of Egypt and the other Arab countries. In this poem, the poet recounts the historical and mythological past and condemns the current situation in order to call for a change. With the aim of inducing his readers to act toward this change, the poet uses historical, religious, and mythological personalities in order to give a clear picture of his ideologies and of the situation in Egypt. The article argues that Amal Donqol, using his lingual strategies and influential power, creates an integrated critical discourse system against the domination of tyranny. He addresses social evils such as poverty, passivity, and the lack of freedom in the society, emphasizing the important role of the intellectuals in making changes in the structure of the society. In his discourse, along with the reflection of the unhealthy situation in Egypt and, in general, the Arab society, he always delegitimizes the ruling government.