Arabic Literature

Abstract Critical discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary method that seeks to uncover concealed power dynamics, dominance, social inequalities, and ideological processes through language analysis, focusing on structures beyond individual sentences. Within this field, van Leeuwen's (2008) framework is a fundamental approach that emphasizes the role of social actors in manifesting underlying discourses. This framework comprises two main components: exclusion and inclusion, each encompassing various subcategories. Lutfia Al Dulaimi's "Women of Saturn" is a renowned literary work by the contemporary Iraqi writer, exploring political and social issues in Iraq over recent decades. This descriptive-analytical study examines the novel using van Leeuwen's framework's sociocognitive and semiotic aspects to illustrate how the author presents her ideology by introducing the novel's characters. The findings of this study indicate that the representation of social actors in "Women of Saturn" is influenced by Al Dulaimi's intellectual and social perspectives. In the novel, women are portrayed as active and dynamic agents, while male figures are depicted as passive and negatively valued, reflecting Al Dulaimi's feminist ideologies. Furthermore, the Baath Party, American forces, and Takfiri groups are represented as active agents due to their extensive crimes against the Iraqi people and their significant role within the tumultuous Iraqi context.

Abstract Narrative perspective is the point of view from which a story is narrated, and it is one of the central elements examined in the analysis of narrative texts. The comprehensive and organized model established by Boris Uspensky and Roger Fowler to investigate the viewing angle is one of this discipline's most important analytical techniques. Using linguistic methods, this model, which has four sections (temporal, spatial, psychological, and ideological), investigates the narrator's role throughout the narrative. This descriptive-analytical study investigates the narrator's viewpoint on the above four levels in "Ya Maryam" by Sinan Antoon, one of the contemporary Iraqi authors. According to this research, Ya Maryam has multiple storylines. The first-person and the omniscient third-person point of view, the internal point of view, are employed to explain the characters' thoughts and feelings. According to ideological studies, Antoon tries to clarify the rights of Christianity and condemn the current position of Christians. In the form of the narrative's central characters, he tells the face of Iraqi Christians who move due to insecurity and injustice.