Arabic Literature - Articles in Press

The Challenge of the Inefficiency of Traditional Islamic Rhetoric from the Perspective of Modern Arabic Rhetoric

Muosa Khezriazar; Eisa Mottaghizadeh; Faramarz Mirzaei; Khalil Parvini

Volume 14, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 63-84

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.319888.612392

Abstract

In the contemporary era, many efforts have been made to update the knowledge of rhetoric. Therefore, the two terms "modern rhetoric" and "rhetoric modernization" are two of the most ... Read More In the contemporary era, many efforts have been made to update the knowledge of rhetoric. Therefore, the two terms "modern rhetoric" and "rhetoric modernization" are two of the most comprehensive terms among contemporary Arab scholars, which have occupied a significant part of contemporary rhetorical discourse from the late nineteenth century to the present day. Rhetoric modernization refers to a series of efforts that re-examine some or all of the issues of traditional rhetoric and make suggestions for its improvement. For the first time, Sheikh Muhammad Abduh from Al-Azhar called for updating the sources of rhetoric, and al-Jabr al-Zumt in his writings called for rhetoric modernization. The discourse of rhetoric modernization has always been challenged by the discourse of traditional rhetoric, and the beginning of rhetoric modernization has been accompanied by a critique of theoretical foundations, methodological issues, and the analytical approach of traditional rhetoric. From the beginning of the call to modernize rhetoric to the present day, criticism of traditional rhetoric has increased; therefore, reading the works done in the field of modern rhetoric, we encounter a significant amount of criticism that requires independent scientific research to provide a basis for avoiding excesses in judging and evaluating the rhetorical achievements of predecessors. This research has tried to examine and critique the criticisms of traditional rhetoric through a descriptive-analytical method and has achieved the following results by examining and criticizing the critical views of rhetoric modernization experts: The greatest criticism of contemporary scholars is the influence of rhetoric on Greek philosophical thought and the evaluation of texts. In a sense, their most important weaknesses are summarized in the incorrect comparison of traditional Islamic rhetoric with traditional Greek rhetoric, which have different socio-historical contexts, as well as incorrect comparison of rhetoric with contemporary critical schools that have different approaches and practical functions.

Aesthetics of Ironies in Arabic and Persian languages

Mohammad Reza Azizi

Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 65-92

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2012.29684

Abstract

The irony is a flexible Structure in Arabic and Persian languages in which speaker can state his concerns ambiguously and addressee comprehend the favorite meaning of the irony ... Read More

An Analysis of the Role of Referring Images in the Process of Decentralization in Yaghoub al-Sharoni’s Children’s Stories

Mojghan Bayat Kashkoli; Ali Asghar Habibi; Abdolbaset Arab Yoosefabadi

Volume 13, Issue 1 , May 2021, , Pages 67-90

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.279670.612055

Abstract

Decentralization in referring images is a kind of visual decentralization in which the child makes comparisons by referring to the images after or before the current image. These comparisons ... Read More Decentralization in referring images is a kind of visual decentralization in which the child makes comparisons by referring to the images after or before the current image. These comparisons distract him/her from the current image and make him/her refer to other components and dimensions of the images or text of the story. The use of visual decentralization techniques brings the child closer to the decentralization stage. In the present study, which aims to analyze and discover the role of referring images in the mental decentralization of the child, the referring visual decentralization techniques used in ten stories written by Yaghoub al-Sharoni (1931-2017) are examined. In order to achieve the goal of the research and an appropriate result, first, the techniques used in the statistical population are divided into 7 categories: image-text alignment, self-reference, two-part images, prognosis, similarity, long shot and close-up, superficiality and profundity. Then, all the images of these stories that are in line with the subject, goals and questions of the research are collected. The article tries to find out which type of referring visual decentralization has the highest frequency in the selected stories of Al-Sharoni, and what Al-Sharoni’s goal was in using the techniques of referring visual decentralization in his stories. The results indicate that there are 232 cases of referring decentralization techniques in the stories, that is approximately 30 techniques in each story, which is a very high frequency. Among the techniques used, image-text alignment have the highest frequency in the stories (%40 and %28 respectively). The frequent use of the image-text alignment technique is due to the fact that it is the most appropriate and comprehensible decentralization technique for the child since it engages, dynamizes, and develops the child’s mental creativity. It is also found that stimulating creativity and mental dynamism of the child, making the stories attractive through changing its usual form, preventing his/her mind from superficial perception, and making him/her discover the underlying and complex layers of the story are the main goals of Yaghoub al-Sharoni in using the referring-decentralizing images.

Finding Causes of Connotation in Sibawayh’s Kitāb

Mohammad Ibrahim Khalifeh Shoushtari; Hossein Pour-Maddah Ardakani

Volume 3, Issue 1 , August 2011, , Pages 69-84

Abstract

After finishing the collection of language elements which they wanted to restrict to the Arabian Peninsula, after organizing and categorizing them under deliberate subjects which include ... Read More

Defamiliarization and its Role in Compose Poem

Gholam Abbas Rezaee Haftador; Ebrahim Namdari; Ali Akbar Ahmadi

Volume 5, Issue 2 , March 2014, , Pages 69-88

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2014.50258

Abstract

Defamiliarization Means Egression of Acquaintance and Accustomed Egression that Followed the Reader or Listener the Surprise after Asks it. Thus Poet or Scholar with the Elimination ... Read More

Phenomenology in Adonis's Poem "Al-mezana" Based on Husserl's Theory

Sayyed Reza Mirahmadi; aliakbar noresideh; Roghayeh Poorbairam

Volume 15, Issue 2 , May 2023, , Pages 69-86

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2022.347764.612583

Abstract

After passing through the stage of structuralism, semiotics laid the groundwork for issues such as body, perception, feeling, and presence, and gradually shifted to a phenomenological ... Read More

Reflection of cultural poverty and traditional domination in Sādeq Hedāyat and Zakariā Tāmer’s works (By centrality of woman in the society)

Salāh Al-ddin Abdi; Maryam Morādi

Volume 4, Issue 4 , February 2013, , Pages 71-90

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2013.35134

Abstract

Short story is a specific form of narration which can play the role of society corrector in critical societies. Sādeq Hedāyat and Tāmer both show different aspects of their social ... Read More

The Image of Literary Pride by Ibn Nubata Al-Mesri

Hassan Sarbaz; So'da As'adi; Hesam al-Din Khakpoor

Volume 6, Issue 1 , November 2014, , Pages 71-88

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2014.52024

Abstract

Narcissism is one of the poetic techniques in which the poet boasts about and glorifies his/her own people’s merits and achievements. This style can be seen in most of Arab ... Read More

God’s attributes between reality and metaphor from verbal view interpretation

Wrya Hafidi

Volume 6, Issue 2 , July 2015, , Pages 71-88

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2015.54197

Abstract

The beginning of religion is cognition of Allah and He declares his attributes in the best form in Quran. The holy Quran also is accepted by all Muslims as the most significant of religious ... Read More

Role of Idea Ppsycologist of Disconnection and Rejection in Creating of Pproblems of the First Ccharacter of Barid Aal-Layl Novel

Tahere Jahantab; Ahmadreza Heidaryan; Bahar Seddighi; Hosein seyyedi

Volume 14, Issue 3 , October 2022, , Pages 71-88

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2022.329694.612442

Abstract

Brid al-Layl is the narration of exposing and undressing the intellectual rumination of characters whose unhealthy social and insanitary cultural conditions of their surroundings, ... Read More

The Link between Sustainability Literature and Predictive Literature in the Poetry of Samih Al-Qasem and Abdullah Pashiv

Seyyed Mehdi Masboogh; Naseh Melaii; Salah el-Din Abdi

Volume 14, Issue 4 , January 2023, , Pages 71-89

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2022.349698.612594

Abstract

Predictive literature is the literature study literary texts that predict an event from adventures at future and it may be satisfying or upsetting. These texts were originally about ... Read More

The Survey of grammatical- relation rules in the Sibewaih’ s Alkitab ( Basing on the describptive method)

Mahin Hajizadeh

Volume 4, Issue 2 , August 2012, , Pages 73-108

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2012.30309

Abstract

The descriptive method is one of the scientific methods in research and it is based on the following systematic stages in survey of phenomena and issues and it is one of the scientific ... Read More The descriptive method is one of the scientific methods in research and it is based on the following systematic stages in survey of phenomena and issues and it is one of the scientific thinking patterns and one of the functioning manners adopted for the organization of scientific work, research and analysis for achieving the ideal goals of the research and differs from other methods in tracing the studied phenomenon with reference to information related to that phenomenon , in a certain or different time periods, to review it from various dimensions and its changes in order to guarantee accessing objective results.The methodological chnages that were used in the modern linguistic studies of twentieth century played an important role in reviewing and revising the method of Arabic grammar, As a result the descriptive method comes out. This method attacked the prescriptive method which was based on the evidences of mental and logical reasoning, appreciation and interpretation , and the some researches appeared which aimed at what was called evalutation of grammar thought, or criticism , or guidance of it, or interpretation of it. Sibewaih’ s Alkitab is the most significant work that's available. And despite the large number of explanations and interpretations on it, it remains as an impotant source of research and study. This article tries to highlight the position of descriptive research in syntactic heritage of Arabic language through doing research on rooting for the term of pendant and its synonyms in the linguistic heritage, especially in the Sibewaih’ s Alkitab. Additionally it tries to reveal different dimensions of the theory of pendant and its impact on the liguistic analysis, because Sibewaih had established the basic principles preludes of descriptive method by setting up the theory of perfect linguistic. His book is considered as the source of descriptive method among Arabs. Because the writer ponders on y the phenomena of language a lot and describes their realities, and considered their secrets and analyzed their structure to achieve the rules that are very developed. The study reached at this conclusion that hassan served legacy which is revealed by inspiration of by Arab heritage and revising the idea of combination of pendants addressed by ancient scientists and sibewaih as a pioneer of them.

“Textual linguistics and coherent model in syntactic, prosodic, and critical terms in classic Arabic”

Alireza Nazari; Khalil Parvini; Kobra Roshanfekr; Ferdows Aghagolzadeh

Volume 3, Issue 3 , February 2012, , Pages 83-112

Abstract

Body linguistic in general and Cohesion in particular have been seriously explored by many linguists since the middle of 20th century so that in fact it was considered as the essential ... Read More

Conceptual metaphor in the existentialist reading of the concepts of freedom and death in Khalil's poems

arezo chalsari; ali asvadi; tayebe akhoundi; mohamadreza khezri

Volume 15, Issue 3 , September 2023, , Pages 1-1

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2023.355636.612651

Abstract

One of the basic topics of cognitive linguistics is conceptual metaphor based on which an unknown and abstract conceptual field is inferred and understood by matching with known and ... Read More

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An Analysis on the Meaning of the Term “Exaggeration” in Shawqi Dhaif’s Books

Kobra Roshanfekr; mohammad amirifar

Volume 10, Issue 2 , December 2018, , Pages 41-59

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2018.121579.611247

Abstract

In spite of brilliant thoughts and ration-oriented manners in Shia discourse, during the history and in practice, Shia has always been looked down upon by its rivals; thus, at times ... Read More In spite of brilliant thoughts and ration-oriented manners in Shia discourse, during the history and in practice, Shia has always been looked down upon by its rivals; thus, at times by the establishment of superstitious and deviant ideologies seeking the distortion of Shia reputation and also by the manipulation of some deviant ideological groups such as exaggeraters (Ghulūt), despising Shia and its ideas. Shawqi Dhaif in his books has utilized the term “exaggeration” about most of the poets of Abbasian era, and calls them exaggerators. The present study, in reference to dictionaries and other resources, and by presenting various definitions, attempts to illuminate the meaning of the term “exaggeration” from Dhaif’s point of view; therefore basically clarifying what meaning he has been seeking by “exaggeration” as an analysis on most of the poets of the era. The present study by the account of text analysis approach and through a descriptive-analytic method has made an effort to extract the meaning of the term “exaggeration” among his writings and to put them under scrutiny and inspection. The statistical population of this research includes a series of books on the history of Arabs Literature and the book "al-fan wa Maḍᾱhibuhū fi al-shiʿr al-aʿrabi". Firstly, all Shiite poets have been identified, then biographies and comments about them have been carefully studied. This study included all the items that Shawqi Dhaif used the term exaggeration for a poet with a witness in the text of the article, and brought some examples of poems that he regards them as poems include exaggeration. The results of the study suggest that among different meanings of exaggeration, Dhaif has taken that respect of exaggeration into consideration in which the meaning is more concerned with hatred an overthrow towards Sunni Caliphs and this is the same meaning Ibn Abdi Rabah and Ibn Khaldun have already pointed out.

Secondary Semiotics of the Myths of Naguib Mahfouz’s The Search

Naimeh Ghaffarpoor; Vahid Mobarak; Mohammad Irani

Volume 12, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 47-68

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.281647.612074

Abstract

Nowadays, the literary genre of fiction has taken over the place of myth. Thus, novel, like myth, may have latent semantic layers and, sometimes, the main purpose of the author is to ... Read More

Implications of Repetition in Badavi al-Jabal Poetry

Abolhasan Amin Moghadesi; sayed peyman hosaini

Volume 9, Issue 1 , December 2017, , Pages 53-72

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2017.112421.611182

Abstract

repetition is the basic fundamentals of inside music in poetry. repetition in poetry is emphasis on certain phrases of poetry that poet attent more than any other words and phrases ... Read More

Decoding the keywords of Sibawayh’s Al-kitab (First volume)

Zahra Karamzadegan; Zahra Karamzadegan

Volume 9, Issue 2 , March 2018, , Pages 55-71

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2017.60311

Abstract

Grammatical texts like any other textneed to scientific methods for get the concepts and meanings found in text phrases and sentences. Words, phrases and compounds, methods, structures, ... Read More

The Practical Intertextuality of Qur'an in Contemporary Arab Poetry (The Case Study: Poems by Mohammad Qaisi)

ezzat molla ebrahimi; Mohammad Salemi

Volume 10, Issue 1 , June 2018, , Pages 55-72

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2018.223559.611616

Abstract

Intertextuality is a technique which has widely been used in contemporary Arabic poetry. According to the mentioned application and its high importance, critics have developed various ... Read More Intertextuality is a technique which has widely been used in contemporary Arabic poetry. According to the mentioned application and its high importance, critics have developed various definitions about it. Looking at the definitions of this concept by Western critics such as Roland Barth and Julia Kristeva, and Arab critics such as Abd al-Malik Murtāḍ, mohammad azzam, mohammad meftah, Abdollah al- ghathami and khalil mossa. we can say that they considered the concept as a methodological and structural phenomenon. However, this phenomenon has a practical function in the target text in contemporary Arabic poetry, in addition to its structural function. Therefore, the authors of this study, have sought to emphasize the practicality of intertextuality-rather than only seeing its structural role- by studying Qur’anic intertextuality in Mohammad Qaisi’s poems using a descriptive-analytic method. It is concluded from the findings of the research that the poet used the Qur’anic words or verses consciously as a means of referring the reader to the text of the Quran and subsequently confirming his own claims. Thus, by reversing the relationship and using the Qur’anic verses in a contradictory sense, such as the use of images showing hope within an atmosphere of frustration and despair, he illustrates the depth of the disaster. On the other hand, using the verses which represent the awakening, the warning and the condemnation of the oppressors and the unbelievers, he tries to wake up the Palestinians and other Arab nations, describing their enemies and condemning them. So it can be said that the poet has used the intertextuality technique in four main directions: creating a revers relationship and using Qur’anic images in a contradictory sense, using Qur’anic images expressing dead incitation, using Qur’anic images to describe the oppressors and unbelievers, and using Quarn’aic images which reflect awakening and preaching to arouse the Palestinian nation and other Arab nations.

A Psychoanalytic Analysis of the Characters and Beliefs in the Novel Al-Nahayat by Abdul Rahman Munif

Naeem Amouri; Zahra Ahmadyan; Abbas Yadollahi Farsani; Yadollah Zargar

Volume 12, Issue 4 , February 2021, , Pages 59-79

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.257558.611904

Abstract

It has been more than a century since psychological analysis was considered as a science. Freud laid the foundations of psychoanalysis and his students developed this knowledge. Considering ... Read More

Discourse Analysis of the Tenth Letter of Nahj al-Balagha Based on Norman Fairclough’s Pattern

Abdolhossein Zokaei; Roohollah Sayadinejad; Abbas Eghbali

Volume 12, Issue 2 , July 2020, , Pages 63-83

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.257787.611906

Abstract

Critical discourse analysis, as a modern interdisciplinary approach, attempts to read the text beyond words, sentences, and the text itself. It deems the context necessary to understand ... Read More Critical discourse analysis, as a modern interdisciplinary approach, attempts to read the text beyond words, sentences, and the text itself. It deems the context necessary to understand the semantics of a text from a critical point of view. Its aim is to clarify the structures of power, domination, and political, social, and cultural inequalities. These structures are criticized through rhetoric, syntax, pragmatics, and intertextuality. This paper adopts a descriptive-analytical method to examine the tenth letter of Nahj al-Balagha,which is addressed to Muawiyah, based on Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse pattern. This model, theorized in the book Language and Power, redefines asymmetrical social relations. It considers three layers for discourse analysis: description, interpretation, and explanation. In Fairclough’s opinion, the social action is shaped by the interaction of these layers. This essay, on the layer of description, studies the text from a formalistic point of view. On the layer of interpretation, it deals with the interaction of text and its context, and explores the elements of power and ideology. It is noteworthy that these elements are reflected in the use of pronouns. The pronoun I, for instance, indicates professional and social responsibility while the pronoun you indicates the differences between Imam Ali’s personality and that of his counterparts, namely the Umayyads. The letter mentions the same motives that troubled the Islamic society from the first battle to the Battle of Siffin. Critical discourse analysis reveals the ideological differences between Imam Ali and the Umayyads reflected in its use of elements such as metaphors and pronouns. Furthermore, the article tries to demonstrate that in this letter, the purpose of Imam Ali as the religious and legitimate ruler of the Islamic world was to disrupt the domination and inequality in the structure of tribalism of the Umayyad Caliphate, for otherwise Muslims would face grave difficulties.

Syntactic and Rhetorical Deviation in Badr Shakir al-Sayyab’s Poetry

Mohammad bagher hosseini; parvin allahi; hosein seyyedi

Volume 11, Issue 2 , October 2019, , Pages 67-86

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.251117.611854

Abstract

Syntactic deviation is one of the techniques employed to enhance a literary text, because it derives from the poet’s intentional non-compliance with morphological or syntactic ... Read More Syntactic deviation is one of the techniques employed to enhance a literary text, because it derives from the poet’s intentional non-compliance with morphological or syntactic rules to achieve certain goals. Using this technique leads to eloquence of language so that it directs the reader’s attention to the text. Contemporary poets attempt to use this technique in their poetry to inspire the reader with new feelings and, disturbing the usual order of objects, they try to represent them in a brand new way. In this way, the modern Iraqi poet, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab—to whose literary genius contemporary Arabic poetry owes much—has devoted himself to the development of his poetic language and has evoked the reader’s contemplation on his poetry. In some cases, he offers a different language by breaking the norms and moving away from the prevailing principles of poetry. Under the influence of Western culture and literature, he had a critical look at the heritage of Arabic poetry and made a significant contribution to the development of Arabic poetic language. This research tries to examine the syntactic and rhetorical deviations of Sayab’s poems in a descriptive-analytical manner in order to elicit his techniques of defamiliarization and make the reader focus on the poet’s main intention and the hidden layers of his work. The results of the research demonstrate that hyperbaton, omission of letters and the use of new ones, conjunction and separation of words, and using far-fetched words are the most frequent examples of syntactic and rhetorical deviations in Sayyab’s poetry. Therefore, using such techniques, Sayyab gives his poetry a distinctive character so that the reader’s difficulty understanding his new form of expression and their sensual perception time are increased. The research also argues that the syntactic and rhetorical deviation is one of the aesthetic and stylistic qualities of all the free-verse poems of Sayyab.

Layered semiotics of place in the play “kharej –al- Serb” by Mohammad Al-Maghout based on the theory of “Farzan Sojudi”

Shahla Shakibaee far; mohsen seifi; Ali Najafi Ivaki

Volume 13, Issue 3 , November 2021, , Pages 67-86

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2020.289866.612135

Abstract

Research "Semantics of Place in the play of “kharej-al-serb”by Mohammed Al-magout" Using a descriptive-analytic method based on Farzan Sujoudi's theory, he has studied the ... Read More Research "Semantics of Place in the play of “kharej-al-serb”by Mohammed Al-magout" Using a descriptive-analytic method based on Farzan Sujoudi's theory, he has studied the layered element of the place and has examined how it is related to other symbolic levels. The semantic analysis of the place in the play is important in that respect that Based on this method one can examine the explicit and implicit function of the place element in identifying the hidden talents of the text and the secondary concepts related to the cultural, political and economic values of society. In addition, by presenting a new reading of the literary work, he expressed the influence of this element in explaining the possibilities of textual creation and by examining how it relates to other levels, it has played a role in shaping dramatic discourse. The purpose of this study is to explain the most important Symptoms of place and how they are organized, Describe the function of the cues mentioned in the formation of text encryption systems such as scene, personality, conflict and time. On the other hand, the impact of this system in place of the representations is described. The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions: How has the place code been linked to other markup levels? What characteristic and structural components do these passwords have in the aforementioned play? The results of this research indicate the place is formed in the form of a cryptocurrency layer consisting of numerous surfaces and deep-level structures. This layer contributes objectively and abstractly to the creation of dramatic discourse and the representation of social cultural meanings, sometimes it manifests physically on stage, sometimes its objective function is weakened and its mental aspects is enhanced. It can be said that understanding and interpreting space as a semiotic process is possible by studying how it correlates and interacts with the branding layers in the play. There is interplay between location and other layers. On the one hand, Place explicitly and implicitly promotes surfaces such as decor, light, sound, and so on. On the other hand, those levels have a great impact on the organization and selection of Place components.

Narrative Space in the Poetry of Maad al-Jubouri: A Reading of the Poem “Where the River Returns”

Hossein Elyasi; zeinab ghasemiasl; habib keshavrz

Volume 13, Issue 2 , July 2021, , Pages 69-91

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.312356.612295

Abstract

With the emergence of poetic modernity, contemporary Arabic poetry moved from its own narrow framework to new open spaces. In fact, modernity unleashed poetry and made it benefit from ... Read More

The Imageology of Bah al-Dawlah of the Būyids in Sharif al-Raḍi’s Poetry

Jafar Jafarzadeh; Zahra Afzali; Faramarz Mirzaei; Hadi Nazarimonazzam

Volume 11, Issue 1 , July 2019, , Pages 71-91

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.241558.611787

Abstract

Knowing the “other” paves the way for the rise of a new discipline named the science of image or imageology. This discipline is one of the branches of Comparative Literature, ... Read More

Volume 15 (2023)

Volume 14 (2022)

Volume 13 (2021)

Volume 12 (2020)

Volume 11 (2019)

Volume 10 (2018)

Volume 9 (2017)

Volume 8 (2016)

Volume 7 (2015)

Volume 6 (2014)

Volume 5 (2013)

Volume 4 (2012)

Volume 3 (2011)

Volume 1 (2010)

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