Arabic Literature - Articles in Press

Investigation of the Style Maker Components in “Tahavvolat al-Asheq” of Adonis

Ali Nazari; Sayed Mahmud Mirzaii Alhosaini; Mehran Najafi Hajivar

Volume 10, Issue 1 , June 2018, , Pages 37-54

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2018.211434.611503

Abstract

Tahavvolat Al-Asheq poetry collection, has written by Adonis one of contemporary Arab poet. Adonis is one of the most prominent critics and literates of the world with his innovations ... Read More Tahavvolat Al-Asheq poetry collection, has written by Adonis one of contemporary Arab poet. Adonis is one of the most prominent critics and literates of the world with his innovations and iconoclasm in Arabic poetry and critique. He composed and published the poetry collection Tahavvolat Al-Asheq in 1961-1965. During this time, Adonis was greatly affected by mystical and religious studies, and this period of time can be considered as the stage of poet's maturity and poetic perfection. He was affected by the opinions and thoughts of the nominated mystics, in particular, Abdul Jabar Neffari, Ibn Arabi and Sheykh Mahmoud Shabestari, to a certain extent that he published a magazine entitled "Moaghef". Al-mavaghef va Al-mokhatabat were some literary works of Neffari that were related to the spiritual progress, wayfaring and journeying of mystics and order of conduct. This poem is closely related to mystical and religious insights. In this article, relying on inductive approach based on the description and analysis, we explain the stylistic elements of Tahavvolat Al-Asheq poetry in different layers of literature and language. In this research, with an overview of this components in both literature and language, relying on clear specifications of poet poetic style, we analyzed the intellectual level and intellectual level has not been studied separately because poet`s thinking and mentality, consciously or unconsciously, has direct influence in language formation and literary levels. By examining the literature level we can regard him as most familiar remover among Arab poets and based on the obtained results with examining the language level (lexical frequency and repeating elements), since governing structure and content of the poetry has religious signs, Adonis`s poetic style is abstract, mind-oriented and use of mental and labeled terms as well as the use of mystery and myth, has neared poetry language to sufi language, thus causes its complexity and ambiguity. On the other hand, array replication in this poem, in addition to the rhythmic word is represents poet`s internal feelings.

Exemplifications in the Dictionary of al-Ain by Khalil Ibn Ahmad al-Farāhidi: With a Focus on Poetic Instance

Bahram Amani Chacoli

Volume 9, Issue 1 , December 2017, , Pages 39-52

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2017.117051.611223

Abstract

AbstractThe book of Al-ain Khalil ibn Ahmad Farāhidi (100- 170 AH) is one of the most important sources of the Islamic period. Exploring the citations of this book is important ... Read More

The Reflection of Folk Beliefs in the Poetry of Mutanabbi

Hadis Sheikh Asadi; Sadegh Sayyahi; Hasan Dadkhah Tehrani

Volume 12, Issue 4 , February 2021, , Pages 39-58

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.233517.611721

Abstract

Folk beliefs are among the most important elements of imagery in poetry. Folklore is like a mirror which reflects the spiritual characteristics of a nation and their background through ... Read More

An Analysis of Anachronism in Ghada al-Samman’s “The Fire of that Summer” Based on Gérard Genette’s Theories

Samireh Khosravi; Vahid Sabzianpoor

Volume 12, Issue 2 , July 2020, , Pages 43-62

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.266412.611974

Abstract

Time is one of the important topics in narratology. Gérard Genette, a French theorist of structuralism, has provided the most comprehensive theorization of time in narration, ... Read More Time is one of the important topics in narratology. Gérard Genette, a French theorist of structuralism, has provided the most comprehensive theorization of time in narration, especially the discrepancy between the time of the narration and the time of the story. The present research tries to examine Ghada al-Samman’s “The Fire of that Summer,” published in her 1973 collection of short stories The Departure of Old Ports, based on Genette’s theorization of time order so as to determine the extent to which anachronism is used in two retrospective and prospective modes in this story. The main hypothesis of this study is that Samman’s short story, since it has many temporal inconsistencies so that the past, present and future intrude into one another, can be analyzed by Genette’s theories. The research, adopting an analytical-descriptive method, analyzes the inconsistencies between the time of the story and the time of the text to demonstrate that the author, using retrospective anachronism (in three forms: diegetic, non-diegetic, and a combination of these two) and prospective anachronism (diegetic and non-diegetic), breaks the linear time of the story. The story begins at a moment when the internal and subjective conflicts of the main character (the narrator) are highlighted. By exposing the inner world and the chaos of the protagonist, Samman invites the audience to read a moving, complex, and, sometimes, highly engaging story. She uses retrospective diegetic anachronism to depict the protagonist’s bitter memories of the fall of the West Bank and the defeat of 1967, while she uses non-diegetic anachronism to portray the Arab community’s negligence of the suffering of Palestinian people. Prospective anachronism is used to portray the predictions of the protagonist about the future of Arab societies. Since the story is based on the portrayal of the reminiscences of the protagonist, retrospective diegesis is highlighted.

A Paradigmatic-Syntagmatic Analysis of Mohammad Ali Shams al-Din’s “Al-Nazeloon ala al-Riyh”

abolfazl rezaei; zahra sadrian

Volume 11, Issue 2 , October 2019, , Pages 45-65

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.266857.611977

Abstract

The theory of paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes developed by Roman Jacobson is one of the important approaches employed in semantic and formalist criticism. This theory has a unique ... Read More The theory of paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes developed by Roman Jacobson is one of the important approaches employed in semantic and formalist criticism. This theory has a unique function in discovering the internal meanings of linguistic structures and, in particular, the study of contemporary literature and the innovations of the authors of this era. Mohammad Ali Shams al-Din is one of the contemporary modern poets of Lebanese resistance literature who fashioned stunning imagery by creating innovative methods of linking elements of discourse. Taking note of the complexity and multi-layered concinnity of Shams al-Din’s poetry, the present paper seeks to employ a descriptive-analytic method to elicit the aesthetic elements of his ode “Al-Nazaloon Ala al-Riyh” based on paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes. This leads to an analysis of the covert semantic relations found in this literary work, as well as to discovering the innovative symbols used in it, and to determining the extent of its relevance to Iranian history, on the one hand, and the Islamic-Shi’i culture on the other. The results of the discussion indicate that Shams al-Din, by carefully selecting his words and combining them in paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes, has made intricate and delicate concinnities, using the literary devices of Īhām (a literary device in which the author’s words, phrases, or sentences do not have a fixed interpretation and can be interpreted in different ways), metaphor, and irony. Furthermore, he, for the first time, using the symbols of Iranian history, like Zenobia, along with the novel symbols derived from the Koranic culture and the battle of Karbala, such as wind and zabiha (the Islamic method of slaughtering halal animals), exhibited the interrelation of Arab, Iranian, and Islamic cultures. Moreover, the nature of his poetry is such that in critique and analysis of his literature, the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes work properly and efficiently.

The Romantic Insight in the Classical Images, a Research about Ibn Zaydun’s Sonnets

Khodadad Bahri

Volume 13, Issue 3 , November 2021, , Pages 45-65

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.296336.612172

Abstract

Romanticism is one of the most famous contemporary literary schools that has had a great impact on the works of poets and writers from different countries of the world. The most prominent ... Read More Romanticism is one of the most famous contemporary literary schools that has had a great impact on the works of poets and writers from different countries of the world. The most prominent features of this literary school are: honest interpretation of personal emotions and feelings that come to the human conscience; being intrinsic or individualism; empathy and unity with nature; paying close attention to landscapes, especially pristine and wild landscapes; adherence to imagination; interpretation using new and inspiring codes; getting rid of poem meter and rhyme in moderation; back to the beginning and childhood; regretting of the past; dreams, love, despair, thinking about death and... . Although it has emerged recently, it seems that the themes it emphasizes can also be found in poetry from earlier literary periods. The author intends to answer these questions by examining Ibn Zaydoun's sonnets, one of the most prominent poets of Andalusia. Which of the themes that are called romantic themes today exists in the poems of Ibn Zaydun? How close are the images that the poet has created to express these themes to the specifications of the illustrations of the school of Romanticism? The author's method for answering these questions is descriptive-analytical. The results show that although the school of Romanticism is a new school, the following themes can be considered as examples of romantic themes in Ibn Zaydun's sonnets: the individual grief caused by an unexpected love for Valladeh the daughter of Mostakfi that not only led to separation but also to his imprisonment. The longing for home that has been sometimes appeared in poems combined with beloved’s memories and sometimes in independent poetry. A return to the past, especially to a period in which the poet's bliss has flourished. The study also shows that the poet's portrayals, especially his descriptions, lack consistency in the vertical axis of poetry, but in many cases he has chosen the metaphorical language that is a characteristic of romantic poetry to express his inner feelings.

Pre-Islamic Women in Tribal Wars

Mostafa Shiravi-khouzani; Mahdi Naseri; Tawfiq Bavi

Volume 13, Issue 2 , July 2021, , Pages 47-68

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2020.211947.611507

Abstract

Frequent tribal wars are a fact that cannot be denied or overlooked, and the effects of these wars on human society as a whole, and women in particular, should be taken into consideration. ... Read More

Investigating Multivocality Representations in the Novel al-Zaman al-Mūhish (the Desolate Time) Using Bakhtin's Narrative Theory

Reza Anesteh; Aliasghar Ghahramani Moghbel; Rasoul Ballavi; Naser Zare

Volume 11, Issue 1 , July 2019, , Pages 49-70

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.278308.612050

Abstract

Polyphonic narrative technique (multivocality) appeared remarkably and manifestly in Modernism and Postmodernism, because unlike the classical novel, it is dependent on the diversity ... Read More Polyphonic narrative technique (multivocality) appeared remarkably and manifestly in Modernism and Postmodernism, because unlike the classical novel, it is dependent on the diversity and multiplicity of narrative perspectives that eliminates the dominance of the novelist and the omniscient narrator, and allows the views of different characters to be appeared in the way that characters are able to express their intellectual and emotional potentials freely and extensively. The polyphonic narrative technique represents different patterns of consciousness and diverse ideologies that are democratically appropriate to the complexities of the modern age and their effects on the narrative structure of modern novels and other elements. The addition of fictional characters leads to the multiplicity of text levels, the mobility and dynamics of characters, the exchange of roles, and the development of the meanings of narrative discourse, that gives the novelist freedom and ability to hide behind the mask of their characters, thereby removing monotony (Immobility) and static of text. Russian critic, Mikhail Bakhtin, is the first to refer to the "polyphonic narrative" by studying the works of Dostoyevsky, who cares about the complicated and diverse aspects of contemporary man's psychology and social life. In this regard, using a descriptive-analytical method in the light of Bakhtin's theory, the present study tries to analyze this issue and express the most important features of Polyphonic narrative in the novel "The Desolate Time" (al-Zaman al-Mūhish) by Syrian novelist Haidar Haidar. One of the most important results of this study is that this novel reaches the principle of polyphonic technique through dialogue and dialectics of characters with different and heterogeneous voices using techniques and mechanisms including: the multiplicity of ideologies, narrative perspectives and artistic methods can be setting, hybridisation, parody, stylisation, and expressive forms that reflect the internal and external crisis of characters which symbolizes the Arab community.

The Cinematic Montage in the Novel I’jaam by Sinan Anton in Light of Sergei Eisenstein’s Views

Ahmad Adel Saki; Mohammad Javad Pourabed; Rasoul Balavi; Ali Khezri

Volume 12, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 49-71

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2020.286842.612123

Abstract

Montage is one of the techniques which modern novelists borrowed from cinema. This technique depicts the scenes of novel in a specific order to affect the mentality of the reader and ... Read More

Terminological Overlaps in the Pre-Islamic Literature and the Qur’an

Nasrollāh Shāmeli; A’zam Parcham

Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 2010, , Pages 53-76

Abstract

Reaching a considerable growth in terms of rhetoric, eloquence, and semantic richness of words or terms, the Arabic language was ready in the Pre-Islamic Period to receive the Divine ... Read More

Condemning of war, violence and Iraqi Ba’ath regime in view of Iraqi novelist “Hadieh Hussein”

Nehad Bazgir; Shahryar Niazi

Volume 8, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 55-74

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2017.62558

Abstract

The attitude of revelation toward poets, based on the Poets Chapter of Quran

Hasan Rezaie; Ali Tamassoki Bidgoli

Volume 5, Issue 1 , July 2013, , Pages 57-84

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2013.35586

Abstract

The 224 to 226 verses of the Poets Chapter discuss those poets who are described as being followed by astray people, rambling here and there, and talking without doing. These holy verses ... Read More

an investigation of Various “Constructions of Imperfect Verb of Kâna” in Quran and Criticism of Translators Attitudes in Finding Persian Equivalent for It

Mohammad Reza Haji Esmaili; Reza Shokrani; Zohreh kiani

Volume 8, Issue 1 , September 2016, , Pages 59-76

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2016.60176

Abstract

The copulative word “Kâna” has been used 1450 times in the Holy Quran with its derivatives in different structures. The translators of the Holy Quran, therefore, must ... Read More

A postcolonial Study about “Season of Migration to the North” by Tayyeb Salih

Kamal Baghjeri; Shahryar Niazi

Volume 7, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 61-86

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2015.56644

Abstract

This article is a Postcolonial study about season of Migration to the North a novel written by Tayyeb Salih (the renowned Sudanese writer). The novel, season of migration to the north, ... Read More

Rhetorical Mysteries of Interrogation in the Noble Quran

Hassan Rezaee Haftador; Roohollah Shaheedee; Sayyedeh Razeeyeh Tawassol; Zeynab Roostayee

Volume 7, Issue 2 , July 2016, , Pages 61-80

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2016.58082

Abstract

Rhetoric – which means correspondence of discourse to the conditions of the audience – has always been considered as the manifestation of the Quran’s inimitability ... Read More

Meaningful Use of the View in the Cinematic Compositions of the Novel “I Lead You to My Other” by Aicha Arnaout

Mahin Hajizadeh; Abdolahad Gheibi; Amir Farhangdust

Volume 15, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 61-84

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2022.339781.612519

Abstract

From the period when cinematic screenplays took on a dramatic course, fiction and literature greatly influenced screenplays, but from the 1980s onwards, cinema influenced fiction and ... Read More

“Impact of Mongol Invasion on Arabic versification in Iran”

Hojjat Rasooli

Volume 3, Issue 2 , November 2011, , Pages 63-82

Abstract

In the earliest centuries of Islamic period, Arabic language was spread in Iran by accelerated rate and over time it has been converted into Iranian political, scientific, and literary ... Read More

A Study on “Hadaegho-Sehr fi Daghaegho-Sher” of Rashidod-Din Vatvatt

Maryam Delavar

Volume 4, Issue 3 , October 2012, , Pages 63-94

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2012.30320

Abstract

The present article is intended to recognize the insight value of (Hadaegh Al-sehr fi Daghaegh Al-sher) written by Allama Rashid-e-din Vatvatt,in addition to acknowledging his inovative ... Read More

The Challenge of the Inefficiency of Traditional Islamic Rhetoric from the Perspective of Modern Arabic Rhetoric

Muosa Khezriazar; Eisa Mottaghizadeh; Faramarz Mirzaei; Khalil Parvini

Volume 14, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 63-84

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.319888.612392

Abstract

In the contemporary era, many efforts have been made to update the knowledge of rhetoric. Therefore, the two terms "modern rhetoric" and "rhetoric modernization" are two of the most ... Read More In the contemporary era, many efforts have been made to update the knowledge of rhetoric. Therefore, the two terms "modern rhetoric" and "rhetoric modernization" are two of the most comprehensive terms among contemporary Arab scholars, which have occupied a significant part of contemporary rhetorical discourse from the late nineteenth century to the present day. Rhetoric modernization refers to a series of efforts that re-examine some or all of the issues of traditional rhetoric and make suggestions for its improvement. For the first time, Sheikh Muhammad Abduh from Al-Azhar called for updating the sources of rhetoric, and al-Jabr al-Zumt in his writings called for rhetoric modernization. The discourse of rhetoric modernization has always been challenged by the discourse of traditional rhetoric, and the beginning of rhetoric modernization has been accompanied by a critique of theoretical foundations, methodological issues, and the analytical approach of traditional rhetoric. From the beginning of the call to modernize rhetoric to the present day, criticism of traditional rhetoric has increased; therefore, reading the works done in the field of modern rhetoric, we encounter a significant amount of criticism that requires independent scientific research to provide a basis for avoiding excesses in judging and evaluating the rhetorical achievements of predecessors. This research has tried to examine and critique the criticisms of traditional rhetoric through a descriptive-analytical method and has achieved the following results by examining and criticizing the critical views of rhetoric modernization experts: The greatest criticism of contemporary scholars is the influence of rhetoric on Greek philosophical thought and the evaluation of texts. In a sense, their most important weaknesses are summarized in the incorrect comparison of traditional Islamic rhetoric with traditional Greek rhetoric, which have different socio-historical contexts, as well as incorrect comparison of rhetoric with contemporary critical schools that have different approaches and practical functions.

Aesthetics of Ironies in Arabic and Persian languages

Mohammad Reza Azizi

Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 65-92

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2012.29684

Abstract

The irony is a flexible Structure in Arabic and Persian languages in which speaker can state his concerns ambiguously and addressee comprehend the favorite meaning of the irony ... Read More

An Analysis of the Role of Referring Images in the Process of Decentralization in Yaghoub al-Sharoni’s Children’s Stories

Mojghan Bayat Kashkoli; Ali Asghar Habibi; Abdolbaset Arab Yoosefabadi

Volume 13, Issue 1 , May 2021, , Pages 67-90

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.279670.612055

Abstract

Decentralization in referring images is a kind of visual decentralization in which the child makes comparisons by referring to the images after or before the current image. These comparisons ... Read More Decentralization in referring images is a kind of visual decentralization in which the child makes comparisons by referring to the images after or before the current image. These comparisons distract him/her from the current image and make him/her refer to other components and dimensions of the images or text of the story. The use of visual decentralization techniques brings the child closer to the decentralization stage. In the present study, which aims to analyze and discover the role of referring images in the mental decentralization of the child, the referring visual decentralization techniques used in ten stories written by Yaghoub al-Sharoni (1931-2017) are examined. In order to achieve the goal of the research and an appropriate result, first, the techniques used in the statistical population are divided into 7 categories: image-text alignment, self-reference, two-part images, prognosis, similarity, long shot and close-up, superficiality and profundity. Then, all the images of these stories that are in line with the subject, goals and questions of the research are collected. The article tries to find out which type of referring visual decentralization has the highest frequency in the selected stories of Al-Sharoni, and what Al-Sharoni’s goal was in using the techniques of referring visual decentralization in his stories. The results indicate that there are 232 cases of referring decentralization techniques in the stories, that is approximately 30 techniques in each story, which is a very high frequency. Among the techniques used, image-text alignment have the highest frequency in the stories (%40 and %28 respectively). The frequent use of the image-text alignment technique is due to the fact that it is the most appropriate and comprehensible decentralization technique for the child since it engages, dynamizes, and develops the child’s mental creativity. It is also found that stimulating creativity and mental dynamism of the child, making the stories attractive through changing its usual form, preventing his/her mind from superficial perception, and making him/her discover the underlying and complex layers of the story are the main goals of Yaghoub al-Sharoni in using the referring-decentralizing images.

Finding Causes of Connotation in Sibawayh’s Kitāb

Mohammad Ibrahim Khalifeh Shoushtari; Hossein Pour-Maddah Ardakani

Volume 3, Issue 1 , August 2011, , Pages 69-84

Abstract

After finishing the collection of language elements which they wanted to restrict to the Arabian Peninsula, after organizing and categorizing them under deliberate subjects which include ... Read More

Defamiliarization and its Role in Compose Poem

Gholam Abbas Rezaee Haftador; Ebrahim Namdari; Ali Akbar Ahmadi

Volume 5, Issue 2 , March 2014, , Pages 69-88

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2014.50258

Abstract

Defamiliarization Means Egression of Acquaintance and Accustomed Egression that Followed the Reader or Listener the Surprise after Asks it. Thus Poet or Scholar with the Elimination ... Read More

Reflection of cultural poverty and traditional domination in Sādeq Hedāyat and Zakariā Tāmer’s works (By centrality of woman in the society)

Salāh Al-ddin Abdi; Maryam Morādi

Volume 4, Issue 4 , February 2013, , Pages 71-90

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2013.35134

Abstract

Short story is a specific form of narration which can play the role of society corrector in critical societies. Sādeq Hedāyat and Tāmer both show different aspects of their social ... Read More

The Image of Literary Pride by Ibn Nubata Al-Mesri

Hassan Sarbaz; So'da As'adi; Hesam al-Din Khakpoor

Volume 6, Issue 1 , November 2014, , Pages 71-88

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2014.52024

Abstract

Narcissism is one of the poetic techniques in which the poet boasts about and glorifies his/her own people’s merits and achievements. This style can be seen in most of Arab ... Read More

Volume 15 (2023)

Volume 14 (2022)

Volume 13 (2021)

Volume 12 (2020)

Volume 11 (2019)

Volume 10 (2018)

Volume 9 (2017)

Volume 8 (2016)

Volume 7 (2015)

Volume 6 (2014)

Volume 5 (2013)

Volume 4 (2012)

Volume 3 (2011)

Volume 1 (2010)

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