khodadad bahri; hossin mohtadi
Abstract
Literature reflects the natural condition of the habitat of every nation and the manifestation of the customs and social laws governing it; therefore, the climate, vegetation and animals, ...
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Literature reflects the natural condition of the habitat of every nation and the manifestation of the customs and social laws governing it; therefore, the climate, vegetation and animals, the economic, political, religious, and cultural conditions of the nations, sometimes are manifested in its most detailed form in their poetry and prose. It is clear that poetry of the Jᾱhilid Age, like the poetry of any nation and time, has been influenced by the natural and social environment of that era, reflecting the various forms and dimensions of their life. In this paper, the authors of this article investigate the textbook of al-Mūfadhaliyᾱt collected by Mūfadhal Dhabi, which is one of the most important sources of poetry, and has referred to the domestic animals mentioned in it and their effects in the poetry of Jᾱhilid era. The book consists of 126 allegations which are collected from 47 poets of Jᾱhilid era includes 20 poets of the early Islamic period. The authors have sought to answer these two basic questions about how domestic animals have had an impact on poetry in the era of Jᾱhilid? What is the shape of this effect? reviewing the book, it became clear that the poetry of Jᾱhilid had repeatedly referred to domestic animals, especially those who used them in their lives, so that their poetry reflected a general outline of the way of life and livelihood of the people of that period. It was also clear that domestic animals appeared in two forms in their poems: First, in the poems the poet was reporting on the events in which the animal plays a major role, such as the poems in which the poet boasts of his forgiveness or courage; Second, in the poems the poet describes as his own animal, or by the use of the animal's other characteristics, he portrays the affairs. In addition, the present study shows that the poetry of Jᾱhilid created exquisite images in describing their animal, or presented their own images with the use of animal characteristics. Such images, which are less metaphorical and more simile, are often used by animals that have abundantly used their lives. The study also shows that - the names of the animals that the people of the Era have more connected with and their need for them is more abundant than the names of other animals in poetry poets. In addition, the role played by these animals in the life of the people, many of the artistic images have also been devised using the characteristics of these animals or their tools and accessories.
