Arabic Literature

An Analysis of Anachronism in Ghada al-Samman’s “The Fire of that Summer” Based on Gérard Genette’s Theories

Samireh Khosravi; Vahid Sabzianpoor

Volume 12, Issue 2 , July 2020, , Pages 43-62

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.266412.611974

Abstract

Time is one of the important topics in narratology. Gérard Genette, a French theorist of structuralism, has provided the most comprehensive theorization of time in narration, ... Read More Time is one of the important topics in narratology. Gérard Genette, a French theorist of structuralism, has provided the most comprehensive theorization of time in narration, especially the discrepancy between the time of the narration and the time of the story. The present research tries to examine Ghada al-Samman’s “The Fire of that Summer,” published in her 1973 collection of short stories The Departure of Old Ports, based on Genette’s theorization of time order so as to determine the extent to which anachronism is used in two retrospective and prospective modes in this story. The main hypothesis of this study is that Samman’s short story, since it has many temporal inconsistencies so that the past, present and future intrude into one another, can be analyzed by Genette’s theories. The research, adopting an analytical-descriptive method, analyzes the inconsistencies between the time of the story and the time of the text to demonstrate that the author, using retrospective anachronism (in three forms: diegetic, non-diegetic, and a combination of these two) and prospective anachronism (diegetic and non-diegetic), breaks the linear time of the story. The story begins at a moment when the internal and subjective conflicts of the main character (the narrator) are highlighted. By exposing the inner world and the chaos of the protagonist, Samman invites the audience to read a moving, complex, and, sometimes, highly engaging story. She uses retrospective diegetic anachronism to depict the protagonist’s bitter memories of the fall of the West Bank and the defeat of 1967, while she uses non-diegetic anachronism to portray the Arab community’s negligence of the suffering of Palestinian people. Prospective anachronism is used to portray the predictions of the protagonist about the future of Arab societies. Since the story is based on the portrayal of the reminiscences of the protagonist, retrospective diegesis is highlighted.

Check-Forming Elements of the Story “Your Eyes are My Destiny” Ghada al-Samman Based on the Theory of Narrative Discourse “Gérard Genette”

Ali Salimi; Samireh Khosravi

Volume 10, Issue 1 , June 2018, , Pages 1-18

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2018.130964.611318

Abstract

An analysis of narrative discourse with a holistic approach is one of the branches of discourse analysis that is used to examine units above the level of a sentence.This article attempts ... Read More An analysis of narrative discourse with a holistic approach is one of the branches of discourse analysis that is used to examine units above the level of a sentence.This article attempts to story content, " Your eyes are my destiny" Ghada al-Samman in the form of a research-oriented structure with an emphasis on the most important issues of narrative discourse of reference "Gérard Genette 'French structuralist theorist studied's Only to discover the techniques of narrative, The main purpose of this research is to examine the three elements of time, aspect and tone as narrative techniques and their function in depicting the hardships and problems of women in the form of a feminist story the reader writer thinking about women and their position in the familiar limitations of personal and social life. Methods In this study, descriptive analysis and citing the book of genetics and library resources and try to answer this question is to what extent the narrative discourse in conflicts reflection of the author on the problems of women succeed? At first, the woman's storyteller (Talat) has been studied and his role in the story is being studied. Through this, it became clear that the author, by creating this role in the story, sought to highlight the importance of women's identity in women's lives. Secondly, from the point of view of the analysis and critique of discourse and its function in discovering and explaining the duality of identity, which has been the result of denial of femininity, has drawn attention to the character of the story. The narrative discourse analysis is very successful in this regard and reveals the hidden layers of the text through timing, change in the canon and the position of the narrator in the story.Anachronies, In two modes of presentation (passing to the future) and backwardness (passing to the past) and breaking the linear system of events within the discourse, creating gaps and breaks a story, double Kanvnysazy, bold or different positions Kmrngsakhtn role of the narrator in the story, the time to reach some kind of synchronicity between story and narrative and Creating a Time Diversity action of the narrative techniques used in this story. Removing a woman's identity and dare to accept her is the main result of this story.

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Author = Samireh Khosravi

An Analysis of Anachronism in Ghada al-Samman’s “The Fire of that Summer” Based on Gérard Genette’s Theories

Abstract

Check-Forming Elements of the Story “Your Eyes are My Destiny” Ghada al-Samman Based on the Theory of Narrative Discourse “Gérard Genette”

Abstract