Arabic Literature

Investigating the Representation of Ideology in Poetic Discourse " Al-arz ,va Al-Jorh Alazi la Yonfatah " by Amal Donghol based on the Van Dijke's Ideology Square

Azaadeh Ghaderi; Hosein Seyyedi; Bahar Sedighi

Volume 15, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 23-42

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2022.333611.612473

Abstract

Language is present in all areas of human societies and has long been the organizer of human relations at all levels of human life and the basis for the formation of relationships, ... Read More Language is present in all areas of human societies and has long been the organizer of human relations at all levels of human life and the basis for the formation of relationships, reflecting the beliefs, views and experiences of human beings. Critical discourse analysis, which developed in the context of sociological ideas, has a social approach to language. The present article, based on Van Dijk's socio-cognitive Analysis Discourse method, deals with the discourse of exploring the poem"Al-arz,va Al-Jorh Allazi la yonfatah " by Amal Danqol, a poet committed to the Arab society.This research uses ideological square elements, a satisfied discourse ode. Considers social and considers it as a social structure and seeks to discover social inequality and the negative points of the dominant discourse and how to redefine the meanings and the content of the audience and explain the poet's ideology.considers the text of the poem as a socio-political discourse and considers it as a social structure that creates its own discourse through the superstructure elements of language and attention to the context of the dominant discourse in society. Redefining the meanings and contentment of the audience and explaining the ideology. He considers the literary work as a kind of action that is socially formed and instead of considering it as a kind of ideal and aesthetic harmony, he considers it as an example of a variable literary institution which is marked by words, indexing, syntactic constructions, rhetorical applications including metaphor and metaphor, engages in polarization and breaks the hegemony of the dominant discourse, thereby reflecting the unequal distribution of power in current society. As a result, it became clear that in this poem, the poet relies more on alienation to show the face of Israel and other colonialists and internal enemies (the Arab ruler) to the people of his society and to institutionalize the ideology of struggle in the minds of the audience. he tries to focus the audience on the reality and the world that exists, not the world that the poet wants to create

Levels of Discourse Analysis in Light of Communication Theory: A Study of the Poem “Leave and Fight in Your Hands” by Farouk Gouida

Jamal Talebi Gharegheshlaghi; Maryam Qavasemiyeh

Volume 13, Issue 2 , July 2021, , Pages 141-163

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.317383.612342

Abstract

Discourse analysis is a description of the linguistic units of literary texts in a clear and systematic way. The study of the internal structure of discourse is based on real words ... Read More Discourse analysis is a description of the linguistic units of literary texts in a clear and systematic way. The study of the internal structure of discourse is based on real words and interpretations, and is studied from four angles: phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and semantic. “Leave and Fight in your hands” is one of the poems of Gouida. We have chosen this poem because it is addressed to US President, while many scholars have mistakenly attributed it to the Arab revolutions, and because it is about confronting W. Bush. There are unique linguistic features in it; thus the study of its lexical angles in light of the theory of communication is considered the best tool for its analysis. Therefore, the present study examines the most obvious levels of discourse analysis in the light of communication theory. The most important finding of this research is that Gouida has successfully achieved the goals of communication theory in his poem because it has been able to convey its discourse well to the specific recipient (George Bush) and the general (Arab nations). On the phonemic level, the study shows the predominance of loud and intense voices on the vocal space of the poem due to its revolutionary nature. It also revealed that the repetition of letters, vocabulary and sentences match the essence of the poem. Thus, Gouida created a direct emotional effect that helped to persuade the recipient, and contributed to the escalation of the discourse’s power. On the morphological level, the results of the analysis show the use of nouns in abundance in order to convince the recipient. On the grammatical level, the poet employed the method of introduction and delay, and paralleled the grammatical methods in abundance to focus on the imperialist face of America by influencing the recipient. On the grammatical level, the poet employed the method of introduction and delay, and paralleled the grammatical methods in abundance to focus on the imperialist face of America by influencing the recipient. On the semantic level, we see the expansion of the linguistic lexicon and the fields of semantics and their structures, as its main objective is to present facts related to the occupation of Iraq by a tyrannical president.

Critical Discourse Analysis of Representation of Iran in Asharq Al-Awsat Based on Van Leeuwen’s Theories

Zeinab Ghasemi Asl; Shahriar Niazi

Volume 12, Issue 2 , July 2020, , Pages 23-42

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.231455.611696

Abstract

The present article seeks to analyze the contents of an Arabic newspaper based on the linguistic principles of text and discourse. The importance and necessity of this work is that ... Read More

An Analysis of Anachronism in Ghada al-Samman’s “The Fire of that Summer” Based on Gérard Genette’s Theories

Samireh Khosravi; Vahid Sabzianpoor

Volume 12, Issue 2 , July 2020, , Pages 43-62

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.266412.611974

Abstract

Time is one of the important topics in narratology. Gérard Genette, a French theorist of structuralism, has provided the most comprehensive theorization of time in narration, ... Read More Time is one of the important topics in narratology. Gérard Genette, a French theorist of structuralism, has provided the most comprehensive theorization of time in narration, especially the discrepancy between the time of the narration and the time of the story. The present research tries to examine Ghada al-Samman’s “The Fire of that Summer,” published in her 1973 collection of short stories The Departure of Old Ports, based on Genette’s theorization of time order so as to determine the extent to which anachronism is used in two retrospective and prospective modes in this story. The main hypothesis of this study is that Samman’s short story, since it has many temporal inconsistencies so that the past, present and future intrude into one another, can be analyzed by Genette’s theories. The research, adopting an analytical-descriptive method, analyzes the inconsistencies between the time of the story and the time of the text to demonstrate that the author, using retrospective anachronism (in three forms: diegetic, non-diegetic, and a combination of these two) and prospective anachronism (diegetic and non-diegetic), breaks the linear time of the story. The story begins at a moment when the internal and subjective conflicts of the main character (the narrator) are highlighted. By exposing the inner world and the chaos of the protagonist, Samman invites the audience to read a moving, complex, and, sometimes, highly engaging story. She uses retrospective diegetic anachronism to depict the protagonist’s bitter memories of the fall of the West Bank and the defeat of 1967, while she uses non-diegetic anachronism to portray the Arab community’s negligence of the suffering of Palestinian people. Prospective anachronism is used to portray the predictions of the protagonist about the future of Arab societies. Since the story is based on the portrayal of the reminiscences of the protagonist, retrospective diegesis is highlighted.

Syntactic and Rhetorical Deviation in Badr Shakir al-Sayyab’s Poetry

Mohammad bagher hosseini; parvin allahi; hosein seyyedi

Volume 11, Issue 2 , October 2019, , Pages 67-86

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.251117.611854

Abstract

Syntactic deviation is one of the techniques employed to enhance a literary text, because it derives from the poet’s intentional non-compliance with morphological or syntactic ... Read More Syntactic deviation is one of the techniques employed to enhance a literary text, because it derives from the poet’s intentional non-compliance with morphological or syntactic rules to achieve certain goals. Using this technique leads to eloquence of language so that it directs the reader’s attention to the text. Contemporary poets attempt to use this technique in their poetry to inspire the reader with new feelings and, disturbing the usual order of objects, they try to represent them in a brand new way. In this way, the modern Iraqi poet, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab—to whose literary genius contemporary Arabic poetry owes much—has devoted himself to the development of his poetic language and has evoked the reader’s contemplation on his poetry. In some cases, he offers a different language by breaking the norms and moving away from the prevailing principles of poetry. Under the influence of Western culture and literature, he had a critical look at the heritage of Arabic poetry and made a significant contribution to the development of Arabic poetic language. This research tries to examine the syntactic and rhetorical deviations of Sayab’s poems in a descriptive-analytical manner in order to elicit his techniques of defamiliarization and make the reader focus on the poet’s main intention and the hidden layers of his work. The results of the research demonstrate that hyperbaton, omission of letters and the use of new ones, conjunction and separation of words, and using far-fetched words are the most frequent examples of syntactic and rhetorical deviations in Sayyab’s poetry. Therefore, using such techniques, Sayyab gives his poetry a distinctive character so that the reader’s difficulty understanding his new form of expression and their sensual perception time are increased. The research also argues that the syntactic and rhetorical deviation is one of the aesthetic and stylistic qualities of all the free-verse poems of Sayyab.

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Keywords = Discourse analysis

Investigating the Representation of Ideology in Poetic Discourse " Al-arz ,va Al-Jorh Alazi la Yonfatah " by Amal Donghol based on the Van Dijke's Ideology Square

Abstract

Levels of Discourse Analysis in Light of Communication Theory: A Study of the Poem “Leave and Fight in Your Hands” by Farouk Gouida

Abstract

Critical Discourse Analysis of Representation of Iran in Asharq Al-Awsat Based on Van Leeuwen’s Theories

Abstract

An Analysis of Anachronism in Ghada al-Samman’s “The Fire of that Summer” Based on Gérard Genette’s Theories

Abstract

Syntactic and Rhetorical Deviation in Badr Shakir al-Sayyab’s Poetry

Abstract