Arabic Literature

Based on the issue numbers

current number

According to the authors

Based on topics

Authors profile

Keyword index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

News

Acceptance Rate Statistics

Cooperation with the institution or association

Work commitment form

Conflict of interest form

Article acceptance conditions

Persian example

Arabic example

English example

Publication cost

Registration guide in Pablones

referee of Adab Arabic Journal

A Sociological Cognitive Analysis of the Discourse of Jerir and Akhtal’s Parodies Based on van Dijk’s Model

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Tehran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Zabol

Abstract

The discourse of literary texts can be viewed from a variety of perspectives and all the dimensions of their various levels can be evaluated. Discourse analysis provides an opportunity for a deep understanding of the text. It helps highlight the author’s discourse and linguistic interactions with ideological structures. The parodies of Jerir and Akhtal are among the texts of Arabic literature based on foregrounding and backgrounsing. These two poets use specific discursive tools in most of their parodies, seeking to foreground their own identity and to background the identity of their rival. This paper discusses some principles of critical discourse analysis, such as the explicit socio-political stance of discourse analysts, and focuses on the dominance of the elite and institutions as they are enacted, legitimated, or reproduced by text and speech. One of the crucial elements of this analysis of the relations between power and discourse is the patterns of access to (public) discourse for different social groups. This article argues that in order to be able to relate power and discourse in an explicit way, we need the “cognitive interface” of models, knowledge, attitudes, ideologies and other social representations of the social mind, which also relate the individual and the social, and the micro- and the macro-levels of social structure. This argument is illustrated with an analysis of parliamentary debates about ethnic affairs. The article attempts to refer to the “ideological square” of van Dijk in order to check out the discursive levels of two parodies by Akhtal and Jerir. The results demonstrate that highlighting negative aspects of the other is of a very high frequency in both texts (66 percent in Jerir’s and 71 percent in Akhtal’s). The difference is that Jerir has been more successful in the use of discursive levels of meaning, formal structures, and grammar.

Keywords

References
Abayneh, Y. (2013). The Philosophical Foundations of Discourse Analysis. Human and Social Sciences Series, 31(3), 172-200. [In Arabic].
Abdul Latif, M. H. (1988). The Structure of the Arabic Sentence (2nd ed.). Cario: Dar al-Gharib. [In Arabic].
Abu Makarim, A. (2007). Nominal Sentence. Cairo: Dar Al-Maaref. [In Arabic].
Aghagolzadeh, F. (2007). Analysis of Critical Discourse and Literature. Guilan University: Literary Research, 1(1), 17-27. [In Persian].
ــــــــــــــ (2006). Critical Discourse Analysis. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications. [In Persian].
Al-Akhtal. (1994). Divan (2nd ed.). (Research by Nasser al-Din, Mehdi Mohammad)  Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya. [In Arabic].
Al-Alawi, Y. (1982). The Model Including the Secrets of Rhetoric and the Science of Miracle Facts (2nd ed.). Beirut: The Scientific Books House. [In Arabic].
Arab Yusuf Abadi, A. et al. (2018). A Study of the Discourse of the Children’s Stories of Shadi Faqih. Lisan al-Mobin. 9(32), 79-101. [In Persian].
Arab Yusuf ‌Abadi, A., & Mirzadeh, T. (2016). Analysis of the Critical Discourse of the Letters of Muhammad ibn Abdullah and Mansour Abbasi Based on the Lacla and Muff Model. Lisan al-Mobin, 8(26), 73-101. [In Persian].
Ashir, A. S. (2006). When Communicating, We Change: The Application of Communication and Protest Styles. Morocco: East Africa. [In Arabic].
Azabit, B. (1996). Concepts Hidden in the Discourse of the Arabic Language: Structure and Structural Value (PhD dissertation) Mackenzie: Mola Ismail University. [In Arabic].
Al-Baghdadi, A. Q. (1967). Preservation of Literature and Summary of Arabic Language (2nd ed.). (Research by Abdul Salam Muhammad Harun) Cairo: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi. [In Arabic].
Banaish, A. (2004). Purpose: Applied Cause and Interpretation (PhD dissertation). Fas: Mohammad bin Abdullah University. [In Arabic].
Bayyurt, Y., & A. Bayraktaroğlu. (2001). The Use of Pronouns and Terms of Address in Turkish in Service Encounters. Pragmatics and Beyond New Series, p 209.
Caldas-Coulthard, C. R., & Coulthard, M. (2003). Text and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Routledge.
Daif, S. (1959). Progress and Innovation in Umayyad Poetry. Cario: Dar Al-Maaref. [In Arabic].
ــــــــــــــ (2002). History of Arabic Literature: Islamic Period (6th ed.). Cario: Dar Al-Maaref. [In Arabic].
Al-Dhan, M. S. (1982). Satire (3rd ed.). Cairo: Dar Al-Maaref. [In Arabic].
Fadhilah, Y. (2012). Discourse Style in National Anthem: Applied (Master’s thesis). Molodari University. [In Arabic].
Falk, J. S. (1992). Linguistics and Language (2nd ed.). (K. G. Alizadeh, Trans.) Mashhad: Astan Quds. [In Persian].
Farroukh, O. (1981). History of Arabic Literature: Old Literature (4th ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Ilm for Malaiin. [In Arabic].
Foucault, M. (1970). The Order of Discourse: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. London: Tavistock.
Gee, J. P. (1999). An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory & Method. London & New York: Routledge.
Ghazi, S. (1976). Al-Akhtal: Umayyad Poet’s Dismissal (3rd ed.). Cario: Dar al-Maaref. [In Arabic].
Green, G. (1996). Pragmatics and Natural Language Understanding. Lawrence Erlbaum Association.
Al-Hasan, F., & Al-Kordi, S. (2014). Some Linguistic and Grammatical Styles in Poetry of Akhtal al-Taghlabi. Al-Ba’ath University Magazine, 36(2), 155-172. [In Arabic].
Heyda, S. (2015). The Style of Immersion and Inclusion: For Example, the Book of Mughni al-Alibib. Inheritance, 9(15), 61-72. [In Arabic].
Al-Hufi, A. M. (1960). Political Literature in the Umayyad Period. Dictionary: Egyptian Movement. [In Arabic].
Al-Hussein, Q. (1997). History of Arabic Literature: Umayyad Period (2nd ed.). Al-Sukandari: Al-Hilal. [In Arabic].
Ibn Khalqan, A. (1998). Dead Elders and News Related to the People of the World (2nd ed.). (Research by Yusuf Ali Al-Tawil) Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya. [In Arabic].
Ibn Qutaybah, M. (1966). Poetry and Poets. (Research by Ahmad Shaker) Cairo: Dar al-Maaref. [In Arabic].
Ibn Sallam, M. (1982). Classification of Great Poets. (Description by Mahmoud Mohammad Shaker) Cairo: Al-Madani. [In Arabic].
Al-Isfahani, A. (1994). Anthems (2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Fikr. [In Arabic].
Iskandar, A. Z. (2008). Jarid al-Farazdaq’s Antipodes on the Basis of the Comparative Stylistic Approach. Journal of Dhi Qar University, 4(1), 1-11. [In Arabic].
Jaber, S. (1983). New Group and Community Communication (2nd ed). Alexandria: Dar al-Marifah Al-Jameiya. [In Arabic].
Jarir bin Attiyah (1986). Divan. Beirut: Dar Beirut. [In Arabic].
Al-Jazer, H. M. (2014). The Problem of Aristotle’s Carriage and the Position of Symbolic Logic: As an Example Frijeh. Humanities. 30(4), 421-461. [In Arabic].
Jorfi, M., & Mohammadian, E. (2014). A Study of Surah Abbas from the Perspective of Michel Foucault’s Discourse Style. Literary-Quranic Studies, 2(2), 9-26. [In Persian].
Kadah, L. (2014). The Conversational Preaching in the Modern Linguistic Lesson: Taha Abdul Rahman as a Model. Linguistic Practices, No. 21, 169-194. [In Arabic].
Kasaei, A., & Rahimian, J. (2012). A Study of the Book of Islamic Thought 1 in Analysis of Critical Discourse. Religious Thought, 14(2), 131-153. [In Persian].
Lyonz, J. (1995). Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics (Vol. I). London: Cambridge University Press.
Mazuz, D. (2009). The Unknown Act between Ease of Structure and Exploration of Meaning. Journal of the College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(5), 163-189. [In Arabic].
McDonnell, D. (2001). Introduction to Discourse Theories. (Izz al-Din Ismail, Trans.) Cairo: Academic Library. [In Arabic].
Mohammad Hussein, M. (1971). Satire and Satirical Poets in the Pre-Islamic Era. (2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiya. [In Arabic].
Moik, C. (1993). Defamation and Its Features. (A. Lullaby, Trans.) Beirut: Arab Institution for Studies and Publishing. [In Arabic].
Al-Mughiri, A. R. (1982). An Anthology of the Names of Arab Tribes (2nd ed.). Jeddah: Dar al-Madani. [In Arabic].
Al-Nas, I. (1964). Tribal Bigotry and Its Influence on Umayyad Poetry. Beirut: Dar al-Iaqaza al-Arabiya. [In Arabic].
Nazari, A., & Waliei, Y. (2012). Intertextuality in “Say to the House” by Jarir with “That the Resident Traveled” by Al-Akhtal. Izaaat Naghdiiah, 2(8), 163-179. [In Arabic].
Al-Omari, M. (2005). The Historical Meaning of Poetry: Two Phenomena of Ghazal and Contradiction in the First Century AH. Arabic Language Academy, 3(34), 505-528. [In Arabic].
Qozziha, R. (1998). Humor in Andalusian Literature. Beirut: The Modern Library. [In Arabic].
Al-Rajehi, A. (1977). Language and Sociology. Beirut: Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiya. [In Arabic].
Rastgoo, K., & Farzishoob, F. (2017). Study of Similar Meaning in Quranic Discourse Based on the Theory of Thematic Analysis. Translation Studies in Arabic Language and Literature, 7(16), 11-34. [In Persian].
Sayyani, Ali et al. (2016). The Context and Its Impact on the Variety of Vocabulary for Poets of Contradictions. Abaad, 4(10), 11-26. [In Arabic].
Schiffrin, D., Tannen, D., & Hamilton, H. E. (2001). The Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Blackwell Publisher.
Al-Shaieb, A. (1952). History of Arabic Controversy. Cario: Arab Renaissance Library. [In Arabic].
Al-Shaieb, A. (1954). History of Arabic Controversy (2nd ed.). Cario: Arab Renaissance Library. [In Arabic].
Soltani, A. A. (2005). Discourse Analysis as a Theory and Method. Political Science, 7(28), 153-180. [In Persian].
Al-Suyuti, J. (2011). Explanation of the Book of Contracts in Paradise in the Science of Meanings and Conditions. (Research by Ibrahim Al-Hamdani and Loghman Al-Habbar) Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya. [In Arabic].
Al-Taftazani, S. (1991). Explanation of the Book Increased Kinda Science Adib. Egypt: Isa al-Babi al-Halabi. [In Arabic].
Al-Taweel, R. (1986). Methods of Absorption and Inclusion: A Study of Expression and Inclusion. Makkah Al-Mukarramah: The Quarterly Library. [In Arabic].
Tjour, F. (2013). Literature of Natures in the Contradictions of Jarir and Al-Akhtal. Arts and Humanities, 4(1 and 2), 79-113. [In Arabic].
Van Dijk, T. A. (2006). Ideology and Discourse Analysis. Journal of Political Ideologies, 11(2), 115-140.
ــــــــــــــ (1988). News as Discourse. Hillside, NJ: Erlbaum.
ــــــــــــــ (1993). Discourse, Power and Access. London: Routledge.
ــــــــــــــ (1998). Approaches to Media Discourse. Oxford: Blackwell.
ــــــــــــــ (2000). Ideology and Discourse: a Multidisciplinary Introduction. Barcelona: PamperFabra University press.
ــــــــــــــ (2002). Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis: in Critical Discoursc Analysis. London: Routledge.
Waliei, Y., & Bustan, K. (2012). Jarir’s Antagonisms and Al-Akhtal in Literary Criticism (Master’s thesis). Allama Tabatbayi University. [In Arabic].
Walker, V. (2011). Codeswitching as a Power and Solidarity Strategy in the Foreign Language Classroom: An Analysis of Language Alternation Strategies Utilized in a Portuguese-English Higher Education Class. Innervate, Vol. 3, 362-363.
Yarmuhammadi, L. (2002). Discourse Analysis Based on the Sociology and Semantics in the Affirmation of an Effective Engraving of It. Journal of Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, 8(10), 105-119. [In Persian].
Yousef, A. K. M. (2000). The Style of Inquiry in the Holy Quran. Damascus: Al-Sham Press. [In Arabic].
Zaki, A. K. (1971). Basra’s Literary Situation until the End of the Second Century AH (2nd ed.). Damascus: Dar al-Fikr. [In Arabic].
Arabic Literature
Volume 12, Issue 2
July 2020
Pages 109-132
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 12 February 2019
  • Revise Date: 10 March 2019
  • Accept Date: 09 November 2019
Share
How to cite
Statistics