Analyzing the Final Four Worries and their Treatment Solution in the Novel

Salmanihaghighi, Masoud; Ganjali, Abbas; Nori Keyzgani, Sayyed Mahdi; Shamsabadi, Hosein

doi:10.22059/jalit.2023.362750.612711

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2023.362750.612711

Abstract

Today, there are new approaches in the field of literary criticism, one of which is psychoanalytical criticism. Psychoanalytic criticism is a form of literary criticism that applies some themes and methods of psychoanalysis to literary texts and gives interpretations of these texts. One of the theories put forth in this field is Ervin Yalom's psychodynamic therapy theory, which explains the four ultimate concerns (fear of death, freedom and responsibility of choice, loneliness, and emptiness) and provides solutions for their treatment and reduction. In this essay, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, the aforementioned concerns and their treatment solutions have been analyzed in the novel "Zahr al-Laymoun and other stories" by Alaa al-Dib in the light of Yalom's approach. The results of the research show that the four concerns and their treatment methods are visible in the text of the novel. These four apprehensions are mostly seen in the main characters of the stories in the novel, and the other characters were surprised. Also, by examining the concerns mentioned in the text of the novel, it was found that out of a total of 88 cases, the loneliness component had the largest share among other concerns with 42 cases. The component of emptiness with 26, freedom and responsibility with 13 and fear of death with 7 items are in the next ranks.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Click subject name to see related articles.

References

Ahmadi, A., (2012), "Psychology of adolescents and youth", Ch 16, Isfahan: University of Technology Publications. [ In Persian].

Ahmadzadeh, A., and Roshanfekr, K., (2012), "Psychological analysis of common themes in the poems of Seyyed Qutb and Diwan Turki Shahriar", Adab Arabic Magazine, Q8, Vol.1, pp. 19-38. [ In Persian].

Amiri, M., Alizmani, A., (2017), "The investigation of existential loneliness in the modern world and the methods of facing it based on the opinions of Ervin Yalom", Westernization, Q9, No. 1, pp. 1-22. [ In Persian].

Amouri, N., and others, (2018), "Psychoanalytic analysis of personality and beliefs in the novel Al-Nahayat Abd al-Rahman Manif", Arabic Literature Magazine, Q12, No. 4, pp. 59-79. [ In Persian].

Azizi, M., and Alizmani, A. A., (2014), "Evaluation of Ervin Yalom's view on the relationship between the existential concerns of thinking about death and the meaning of life", Ontological Researches, Q4, No. 8, pp. 19-37. [ In Persian].

Dodestan, Pari Rokh, (2006), "Morbid psychology of transformation from childhood to adulthood", vol. 2, Samt Publications. [ In Persian].

Hashemi, Zahra and others (2017), "Thinking about death from the perspective of Ervin Yalom and its effect on giving meaning to life", Qobsat magazine, Q23, No.88, pp. 121-150. [ In Persian].

Jahantab, T., and others, (1401), "The role of the psychological model of cut and break in the formation of the problems of the first character in the novel "Barid al-Lil", Magazine of Arabic Literature, Q14, Q3, pp. 71-88. [ In Persian].

Kalantari and Hosseinizadeh, A., (2014), "City and social relations: investigation of the relationship between the level of social isolation and the level of social support received with the level of loneliness (case study: citizens of Tehran"), Journal of Sociological Studies in Poetry, p. 5 , Vol. 16, pp. 87-118. [ In Persian].

Mazaheri, H., and Alizmani, A. A., (2017), "Examination of facing the suffering of existential loneliness in the thought of Ervin Yalom and the mystical suffering of separation in the thought of Molvi", Theological Philosophical Researches, Q 20, No. 87, pp. 69-90. [ In Persian].

Minton, S. J., (2001), Key Thinkers in Practical Philosophy: Dr.Yalom, UK., Practical Philosophy ( March).

Minton, S. J., (2001), Key Thinkers in Practical Philosophy: Dr.Yalom, UK., Practical Philosophy ( March). [ In Persian].

Nazimian, H., and others, (2016), "Analysis of the novel Fi Al-Manfi by George Salem based on the school of existentialism", Criticism of Contemporary Arabic Literature, Q7, No. 12, pp. 67-88. [ In Persian].

Shaminejad, M., and others, (1400), "Yalom's solutions in treating death anxiety and its philosophical foundations", Scientific Metaphysics Journal, Q13, No.32, pp. 1-24. [ In Persian].

Spinelli, E.; Existential psychotherapy; Ana`lise Psicolo`gi ca, 2006, pp.311-321.

Spinelli, E.; Existential psychotherapy; Ana`lise Psicolo`gi ca, 2006, pp.311-321. [ In Persian].

Wenger, G. C., Davies, R., Shahtahmasebi, S., Scott, A. (1996)."Social isolation and loneliness in old age: review and model refinement", Cambridge journal: Ageing and Society,16:333–358.

Wenger, G. C., Davies, R., Shahtahmasebi, S., Scott, A. (1996)."Social isolation and loneliness in old age: review and model refinement", Cambridge journal: Ageing and Society,16:333–358. [ In Persian].

Yalom, E., (2009), "Existential Psychotherapy", translated by Sepideh Habib, Tehran: Publisher: Ni. [ In Persian].

Yalom, E., (1400), "Looking at the Sun", translated by Hanieh Atai, Tehran: Mossadegh. [ In Persian].

Yalom, E., (2011), "Mother and the meaning of life", translated by Sepideh Habib, Tehran: Qatreh Publishing. [ In Persian].

Yalom, E., (2016), "Yalum Khawanan", translated by Hossein Kazemi Yazdi, ch. 2, Tehran: Pandar Taban. [ In Persian].

Yalom, E., (2018), "Shupehnavar's treatment", translated by Sepideh Habib, Tehran, published by: Qatrah. [ In Persian].

Yusuf Thani, S. M., and Rezaei Niarki, B., (2019) "Existential freedom from the perspective of Ervin Yalom and Ain al-Qadat Hamdani", Journal of Mystical Research, Q3, Vol. 6, pp. 117-132. [ In Persian].

Arabic Literature

Analyzing the Final Four Worries and their Treatment Solution in the Novel "Zahr al-Laymoun and Other Stories" by Alaa El-Dib in the Light of Ervin Yalom's Psychodynamic Therapy Theory

References

References

Volume 17, Issue 1 - Serial Number 43
January 2025
Pages 1-22

Analyzing the Final Four Worries and their Treatment Solution in the Novel "Zahr al-Laymoun and Other Stories" by Alaa El-Dib in the Light of Ervin Yalom's Psychodynamic Therapy Theory

References

References

Volume 17, Issue 1 - Serial Number 43January 2025Pages 1-22

Volume 17, Issue 1 - Serial Number 43
January 2025
Pages 1-22