Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Ph.D. Candidate Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
2 Associate Professor Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
3 Associate Professor Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, HakimSabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
Abstract
According to scholars of rhetoric and traditional and classical linguists, metaphor is word-oriented and limited and exclusive to words. According to them, metaphor is used only in literature and has an aesthetic aspect. But in cognitive linguistics, looking at metaphor is very broad and metaphor is concept-oriented, not word-oriented. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, not only literature, but also language, including literary language, is the manifestation of conceptual structures such as metaphors, metaphors, and imaginary schemas in the human mind. According to George Likoff and Mark Johnson, metaphor is a means of thinking that is present in human behavior, including language behavior. The present article aims to study and analyze imaginary metaphors in Al-alaviyat by Mohammad Abd al-Muttalib according to the theory of Likaf and Johnson. The results indicate that the poet has conceptualized the abstract and abstract concepts well by means of objective concepts by using the three schemes (volume, power and movement) and beautifully depicted intangible and abstract concepts. After the investigations, it was determined; Out of the total imaginary schemes used in this supplement, 65 percent are volumetric, 18 percent are movement and 17 percent are strength
Keywords
Main Subjects
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Afrashi, A and Afkhami, H. (2017). Explaining the meanings of Ali in the interpretation of Kashaf based on conceptual metaphors, Journal of Quranic Studies and Islamic Culture, vol. 1, pp. 20-3. [In Persian].
Al-Askari, A. (1952). Al-Sanaatayn, Beirut, Dar Iehya al-Katb al-Arabiya. [in arabic].
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Jahiz, Abu Amr bin Bahr, 1987, Kitab al-Haywan,research fellow: Abdus Salam Mohammad Haroun, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar al-Nafais. [in arabic].
Johnson.M(1987)The body in the mind.Chicago and London.The university of Chicago press.
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Lekoff, G and Johnson, M. (2018). Metaphors we live by. Attached to the article on the contemporary theory of metaphor, translated by Jahanshah Mirzabigi, first edition, Tehran: Aghah. [In Persian].
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Mohammadi Asiabadi, A and Taheri,M. (2012). Investigating the volumetric schema of the temple and light in Malawi's Masnavi, Mystical Literature Researches, 6th year, 3rd issue (23 consecutive), pp. 124-95. [In Persian].
Mohammadi Asiabadi, A. Ismail Sadeghi and Masoumeh Taheri. (2012). Volumetric schemas and its application in mystical language Meybodi, researches of mystical literature (Gohar Goya), 6th year, number 2, pp. 162-141. ] In Persian[
Nordgaard, N and others. (2015). A dictionary of stylistics, translated by Ahmadreza Jamkarani and Masoud Farahmand, first edition. Tehran: Morvarid. [In Persian].
Pourabrahim, S. (2011). Examining the concepts of insight in the language of the Qur'an in the framework of cognitive semantics, Journal of Linguistic Research, third year, number 5, pp. 77-99.[In Persian].
Rasakh Mohand, M. (2010). An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics: Theories and Concepts, Tehran: Somit Publications.
Safavi, K. (2000). Semantic, Tehran: Mehr. (2005). Descriptive culture of semantics, Tehran: Contemporary Farhang. [In Persian].
Safavi, K. (2003). A discussion about image designs from the perspective of cognitive semantics: Nameh Farhangistan. 6 (2), pp. 65-85.
Safavi, K. 2008). An introduction to semantics, third edition, Tehran: Surah Mehr. [In Persian].
Shameli, N, and Haji Ghasemi, F. (2016). Volumetric pictorial schemas of the concept of resurrection in the Holy Qur'an, Quran and Hadith translation studies, third round, number 6, pp. 5675. [In Persian].
Sojodi, F and Ghanbari, Z. 2012, a review of the semantics of the metaphor of time in children's stories in Persian language (age groups A, B and C), Scientific-Research Quarterly of Literary Criticism, Year 5, Number 19, pp. 135-156. [In Persian].
yu.Ning. (1998).the Bodily Demension of Meaning In Chinese. What we do and mean with Hands? In: Eugene H.Casad&Gary B. palmer (Eds) Cognitive linguistics and NonIndo European Languages. Berlin: Mouton deGruter.
Badawi Tabaneh, Ahmed, 1992, Il Bayan and historical study, 5th edition, Cairo: Al-Angelo Al-Masriyya School. [in arabic].
Bagheri Khalili, A and Mehrabi Kali,M. (2013). Rotation schema in Saadi and Hafez's sonnets, literary criticism, year 6, number 23, pp. 148-125.
Barcelona, A. (2011). Cognitive theory about metaphor and permission, translated by Tina Amrollahi. Metaphor and permission with a cognitive approach, compiled by: Antonio Barcelona. Tehran: Naqsh Jahan. pp. 46-7.[In Persian].
Biabani, A and Taliban, Y. 2011, investigation of directional metaphors and visual schemas in Shamlou's poetry, Research Journal of Literary Criticism, Volume 1, Number 1, pp. 99-126. [In Persian].
Chalsari, A.(2023) Conceptual metaphor in the existentialist reading of the concepts of freedom and death in the poems of Khalil hawi, Arab Literature, No. 37, Mehr 2023, pp. 113-99. [In Persian].
Chomsky, N. (2005). Language and Mind, translated by Korosh Safavi, third edition, Tehran Hermes. [In Persian].
Dehghan, F, Rasouli, H and Rezaei, A (2023), analysis of conceptual metaphors in the field of love in the book of ”Awragh Al-Ward” by Mustafa Sadiq Al-Rafii, Arabic Literature, No. 35, pp. 107-128. [In Persian].
Fiartz, K. (2019). Correcting the Inheritance Hypothesis: Interaction between Metaphorical and Virtual Hierarchies, Metaphor and Permissive with a Cognitive Approach, Compiler: Antonio Barcelona, translated by Farzan Sajjoudi, Leila Sadeghi, Tina Amrollahi, Tehran: Naqsh Jahan, pp. 125-95.[In Persian].
Fotuhi, M. (2006). Image rhetoric, second edition, Tehran: Sokhan. [In Persian].
Hashemi, Z. (2010). Conceptual metaphor theory from the point of view of Likaf and Hanson, Adab Pazhuhi, vol. 12, pp. 119-140.
Hashemi, Zohra. (2010). Conceptual metaphor theory from the point of view of Likaf and Hanson, Adab Pazhuhi, vol. 12, pp. 119-140.
Hawks, T.( 2005) Metaphor, translated into Farsi: Farzaneh Taheri, Tehran: markaz. [In Persian].
Hawks, trans, 2005, Metaphor, translated by: Farzaneh Taheri, Tehran: Center.[In Persian].
Hoshangi, H and Seifi,M. (2008). Conceptual metaphors in the Qur'an from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, Research Journal of Sciences and Education of the Holy Qur'an, vol. 3, pp. 9-34.[In Persian].
Jahiz, Abu Amr bin Bahr, 1987, Kitab al-Haywan,research fellow: Abdus Salam Mohammad Haroun, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar al-Nafais. [in arabic].
Johnson.M(1987)The body in the mind.Chicago and London.The university of Chicago press.
Khosravi, S, Khakpour,H and Dehghan,S. 2013, examination of visual designs in the cognitive semantics of Quranic words (focusing on volume, movement and power design), LiteraryQuranic researches, second year, number 4, pp. 94-112. [In Persian].
Kochesh, Z. 2014, A practical introduction to metaphor, translated by: Shirin Pourabrahim, Tehran: Somit Publications.[In Persian].
Lekoff, G and Johnson, M. (2018). Metaphors we live by. Attached to the article on the contemporary theory of metaphor, translated by Jahanshah Mirzabigi, first edition, Tehran: Aghah.[In Persian].
Lekoff, G. (2004). Contemporary Theory of Metaphor, translated by Farzan Sojodi. Metaphor as the basis of thinking and creating beauty, compiled by: Farhad Sasani, Tehran: Surah Mehr, pp. 298-195.[In Persian].
Mohammadi Asiabadi, A and Taheri,M. (2012). Investigating the volumetric schema of the temple and light in Malawi's Masnavi, Mystical Literature Researches, 6th year, 3rd issue (23 consecutive), pp. 124-95. [In Persian].
Mohammadi Asiabadi, A. Ismail Sadeghi and Masoumeh Taheri. (2012). Volumetric schemas and its application in mystical language Meybodi, researches of mystical literature (Gohar Goya), 6th year, number 2, pp. 162-141. [In Persian].
Nordgaard, N and others. (2015). A dictionary of stylistics, translated by Ahmadreza Jamkarani and Masoud Farahmand, first edition. Tehran: Morvarid. ] In Persian[
Pourabrahim, S. (2011). Examining the concepts of insight in the language of the Qur'an in the framework of cognitive semantics, Journal of Linguistic Research, third year, number 5, pp. 77-99. [In Persian].
Rasakh Mohand, M. (2010). An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics: Theories and Concepts, Tehran: Somit Publications.
Safavi, K. (2000). Semantic, Tehran: Mehr. (2005). Descriptive culture of semantics, Tehran: Contemporary Farhang. [In Persian].
Safavi, K. (2003). A discussion about image designs from the perspective of cognitive semantics: Nameh Farhangistan. 6 (2), pp. 65-85.
Safavi, K. 2008). An introduction to semantics, third edition, Tehran: Surah Mehr. [In Persian].
Shameli, N, and Haji Ghasemi, F. (2016). Volumetric pictorial schemas of the concept of resurrection in the Holy Qur'an, Quran and Hadith translation studies, third round, number 6, pp. 5675. [In Persian].
Sojodi, F and Ghanbari, Z. 2012, a review of the semantics of the metaphor of time in children's stories in Persian language (age groups A, B and C), Scientific-Research Quarterly of Literary Criticism, Year 5, Number 19, pp. 135-156. [In Persian].
yu.Ning. (1998).the Bodily Demension of Meaning In Chinese. What we do and mean with Hands? In: Eugene H.Casad&Gary B. palmer (Eds) Cognitive linguistics and NonIndo European Languages. Berlin: Mouton deGruter.
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