Arabic Literature

The Phenomenology of Subjectiviy and Practical Implementation of Gender Identity In Raja Alem's Novels Case Study: The Novel of Khatam

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

sharafat karimi

Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Snandaj, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2022.324577.612393
Abstract
In the realm of the theoretical approach of modernist feminists and with a reference to De Beauvoir and Butler's theoretical framework and origins of phenomenology, this research deals with the phenomenology of subjectiviy of gender identity and their representation in Rajaa Aalam's works, especially the novel of Khatam and it attempts to study Khatam's non-essential view of women's gender identity in an analytical way. Raja sees the basis of gender identity in the construction of cultural and social discourses, prevailing patriarchal norms, and the result of the systematic implementation and repetition of these norms by the female subject. Her works represent the influence of this trend on the type of discourse, mentality, and performance. In the novel of Khatam, the main character, by repeating the context of the rules, produces and reproduces a gender identity, it in the process of representation, and distorts it through the performance of opposing aspects. The repetition of norms by which this character is known within its counterproduction, activates the hidden potential abilities hidden in the nature of the performance. Unconscious biases, conflict of tendencies and discourses, and mimicry and dominance of norms lead to a double performance which enables Khatam to deconstruct the identity made of the prevailing discourse and cultural norms, to break up the duality between sexes, and to question in some cases the original gender identity. By entering the realm of subjectivity and self-efficacy, she acquires a kind of strength and ability, but in the end she is subject to the predominant power. The characters in Raja's novels often disagree with the pattern they simulate in the implementation process and they try to protect their individuality and redefine their identity. Sometimes, reconstructed social norms will lead to subject deidentification because norms and abnormalities imposed on her to do or reject affairs and  finally deidentifies her.

Keywords

Raja Alem
Khatam
subject identity
gender performance
gender
Adonis. (1996), Diwan al-Sha'r al-Arabi, Vo.I, Damascus, Dar al-Mada llesaqafah va al-nashr. [In Persian].
Alem, R. (1997), Masra Ya Raqib, Maghrib, Al-Markaz Al-saqafi Al-Arabi Va Al-dar Al-baiza. [In Arabic].
................(1998), Sayedi Vahdanah, Maghrib, Al-Markaz Al-saqafi Al-Arabi Va Al-dar Al-baiza.[In Arabic].
.................(2001), Tawqo Al-hammam, Maghrib, Al-Markaz Al-saqafi Al-Arabi Va Al-dar Al-baiza.[In Arabic].
.................(2005), Ster. Maghrib, Al-Markaz Al-saqafi Al-Arabi Va Al-dar Al-baiza. [In Arabic].
.................(2007), Khatam., Maghrib, Al-Markaz Al-saqafi Al-Arabi Va Al-dar Al-baiza. [In Arabic].
Asghari, M, & Karimi, B. (1399), Deconstruction and Deontologicalization of the subject and gender identity, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Isfahan, Majaleh Metaphysics, No. 29, 131-146.[In Persian].
Austen, E. (1396), Feminist Theater Exercises, translated by Shirin Bozorgmehr, Tehran, Bidgol Publishing, first edition.[In Persian].
Bint Faisal al-Atabi, F.(1430), Al-Sardiyat al-Nasawiyyah Derasah Tatbiqiyag ala rewayat raja Alem.
Butler, J. (1385), Tamrinhaye teatre feministi, Translated by Amin Ghazaei, published by Majaleh sher.
Ebrahimi, P. (1368), Padidarshenasi. First Edition, Tehran: Nashre Dabir. [In Persian].
Gheibi, Abdolahad; Hajizadeh, Mahin; Farhangdust, Amir. (1401), Study and Analysis of Novel I Lead You to Others by Aicha Arnaout based on the Sense of Place Theory, Arabic literature, Tehran, University of Tehran, Vo.14, 109-128.
Jassim Al-Hussein, A. (2009), Al-rwayah Al-Arabia va Khososiyah Al-Makan Qeraaton fi rewayat Raja Alem, Majalah Jameah Damascus, Vo. I & II, 109-147.
Journal, F. (2021), Hoviyat Al-Makan va Tahawolatoho Qeraaton Fi rewaya Taoq Al-Hammam, Second edition, Dar Al-Kafi is Lelnashr va Al-Taozie va Al-Tarjamah.
Mokhtari, A. B. (1396), Barresi Va tahlil Romane Ser Asare Raja Alem Az Manzare Naqde Zan Mehvari, Thesis, Guided by Sharafat Karimi, University of Kurdistan.[In Persian].
Moshirzadeh, H. (1388), Az Jonbesh Ta Nazaryeh Ejtemaie Tarikhe 2Qarn Femenism, Tehran, Nashre Shirazeh.[In Persian].
Shahrokh, M, and Faghih Abdollahi, H. (1401), Locales and Their Implications in the Poetry of Yahya al-Samawi, Arabic literature, Tehran,  university Tehran, Vo.14, 121-142.
Arabic Literature
Volume 14, Issue 2
Summer 2022
Pages 43-62

  • Receive Date 27 May 2021
  • Revise Date 06 October 2021
  • Accept Date 03 April 2022

Home

Contact Us