Arabic Literature

The character and its transcendence are common themes between mysticism, psychology, and literature. Hence, mystics and psychologists have always been curious about understanding it ... Read More The character and its transcendence are common themes between mysticism, psychology, and literature. Hence, mystics and psychologists have always been curious about understanding it and identifying the path of its evolution. This curiosity has also been manifested in literature. Salient characters' appearance as heroes further adds to the significance of the function of the Self archetype. Little Death narrates the formation of the character of one of the distinguished faces of mysticism and Islamic Sufism, Muhyī al-Dīn Arabi. In a way known as the father of the unity of existence in Islamic thought, Ibn Arabi opened a new window to Islamic mysticism by founding theoretical mysticism. Ibn Arabi has propounded many theories in mysticism, the most important of which is the unity of existence and perfect man. The elevation and growth of the character are among the subjects that have reduced the distance between new psychological theories and genuine concepts in mysticism, such as the perfect man theory. Inspired by the autobiography produced by Sheik Akbar in his book Meccan Revelations, Mohammad Hassan Alwan adopts a post-modernist approach to narrate two parallel stories. The first story expresses the life events of Ibn Arabi, and the second story tells his biography. This paper examines the character of Ibn Arabi from a psychological and theoretical perspective based on the Pearson-Mar theory.To this end, the two stories were separated, and only the story of Ibn Arabi's life events was examined. Examining the ideas of Ibn Arabi indicated a significant relationship between his theory of perfect man and the archetype of the ruler (among the twelve archetypes of the Pearson-Maar theory). Upon departure, initiation, and return, the protagonist reveals the characteristics of the ruler archetype, which are close to the characteristics of the perfect man propounded by Ibn Arabi: Each has specific criteria for self-actualization of character potentials.

Research Paper

The Semiotics of “Title” in Mohammad Helmi al-Risheh's Poetry; Cases Studies: “La To'teni Tafahata Okhra” , “Resalatan ela Kalimollah” and “Ababil”

Nahid Phishgam; Yahya Maroof; Majid Mohammadi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, Pages 17-37

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.320023.612368

Abstract

Literary semiotics, as a modern science at the present time, seeks to decode and discover the signs of the text by using the syntagmatic relations between words and the special arrangement ... Read More Literary semiotics, as a modern science at the present time, seeks to decode and discover the signs of the text by using the syntagmatic relations between words and the special arrangement of words. “Title” of text is one of the important codes of semiotics and is the showcase of text which can have an important relationship with the main text and guides the reader to discover the author's mental concepts; hence it can be said that “title” plays an important role in decoding a text. Mohammad Helmi Al-Risheh (1985) is one of the poets who often uses symbols and signs to convey his poetic mission to the audience.He considers “title” as a key to entering the text, and has paid special attention to it. “Title” at the beginning of many of his odes gives a fillip to the mind of audience. in this paper, “La To'teni Tafahata Okhra” , “Resalatan ela Kalimollah” and “Ababil” will be discussed as the cases studies.Since the titles of the three poems are based on the invoking of Quranic stories, the present study aims to investigate the title of these odes from semiotic perspective and analyze their relationship with the main text based on the Quranic intertextuality. This paper also recounts the poet's purpose for invoking the Quranic stories and examines the functions of the title of the text during its reading and explores the titles at the structural and significational level and analyzes its functions.The findings of this research indicate that the titles of the poems have been taken from Quranic stories and is in line with the main text, which the poet has used to induce his mental schemata. Also, titles are sometimes directly related to the text; that is, in terms of meaning and sound, they have been taken from the text and sometimes their function is indirect. So the reader to discover this relationship needs more effort. Also, the mentioned titles are signifiers with their own signified and have descriptive and attractive functions.

Research Paper

A Study of Principles of Critical Realism in the Novel of An Iraqi in Paris by Samuel Shimon

Zahra Haghayeghi; Ahmadreza Heidaryan shahri; Bahar Seddighi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, Pages 39-62

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.317482.612345

Abstract

Critical realism as a literary school has a special place in the critique of fiction, a school that reflects social life with an objective approach to facts. Samuel Shimon in his novel ... Read More

Research Paper

Ode to “Nahj al-Burdeh” by Ahmad Shoghi in the Mirror of Critical and Rhetorical Views, by Mahmoud Bostani

Abolfazl Rezayi; Fatemeh Rais Mirzaei

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, Pages 63-85

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.309395.612271

Abstract

The structuralism method, which is considered by Mahmoud Bostani as one of the methods of text analysis, analyzes a literary work based on eight literary elements: message, subject, ... Read More The structuralism method, which is considered by Mahmoud Bostani as one of the methods of text analysis, analyzes a literary work based on eight literary elements: message, subject, semantic, formal, verbal, musical, literary and structure and by explaining the relationship between the aesthetic and semantic aspects of a literary work, examines and analyzes its general structure as a single body. Bostani's views on the structural method, which he explains and introduces in the two books "Al-Qawa'd al-Balaghah in the light of the Islamic method" and "Al-Balaghah al-Hadith in the light of the Islamic method", is a combination of traditionalism and modernism in the analysis of a literary work. This means that he tries to apply new literary perspectives in studying and analyzing the work based on its structure and texture, while adhering to traditional rhetoric. What we are looking for in this research is the study of the beauties and literary meanings of Nahj al-Burdeh's ode by Ahmad Shoghi based on Mahmoud Bostani's structuralism method and based on four elements: semantic, formal, musical and structure, in this regard, we found that in Nahj al-Burda's ode, among the mentioned elements, mystery and metaphor as two elements of formal elements, pun and balance as musical elements, in addition to aesthetic aspects, had a semantic function and played an effective role in inducing concepts and themes. In this regard, we found that in Nahj al-Barda's ode, among the mentioned elements, code and metaphor as two elements of formal elements and pun and balance as musical elements, in addition to the aesthetic aspect, also had a semantic function and played a role in inducing concepts and themes. They have been effective and the element of repetition and contrast as semantic elements, by creating an internal rhythm, have also strengthened the aesthetic aspect of the ode and based on the element of structure, we found that the themes and concepts of the ode with each other and with other verbal and musical elements and imagination have a reciprocal relationship. In other words, the elements of aesthetics and semantics in this ode are interrelated, which indicates that this ode has homogeneity and organism of the text and this has made it one of the best prophetic praises, not only in form and structure, but also in content.

Research Paper

The Analysis of Protagonist in the Novel Ayyām Maʻah based on Abraham Maslow’s Self-Actualization

Payman Salehi; kolsom bagheri

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, Pages 87-107

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.318421.612354

Abstract

The psychological criticism is one of the novel techniques in literary criticism which tries to examine what is beyond the literary work in order to find the interconnection between ... Read More The psychological criticism is one of the novel techniques in literary criticism which tries to examine what is beyond the literary work in order to find the interconnection between art and the artist. The American psychologist, Abraham Maslow, believes that human beings need to grow, and to achieve this growth and development, they need to fulfill five steps of requirements including physiological, security, social, esteem and self-actualization needs. In fact, these needs help the individual accomplish the ultimate goal and first, lower level needs must be satisfied so that the person can reach higher levels and finally self-actualization. In this regard, the present research, through the descriptive-analytical approach, examines the protagonist of the novel Ayyām maʻah by Colette Khoury, the Syrian author based on Maslow’s theory. The novel is mostly indicative of Koury’s character and her society whose restrictions are the biggest obstacles to the growth and excellence of the women. Despite the obstacles, most of the women are trying harder to resist them in order to reach perfection for creativity and self-actualization. The results of this study indicate that the aforesaid novel matches the indices mentioned by Maslow for self-actualization. Most women and girls do not have the chance to develop and nurture their talents and capacity because of obstacles like irrational customs and traditions. The most obvious need of the protagonist is the presence of a supporter who can remove the obstacles to her growth and grant her wishes. Although she does not have all self-actualization components, having characteristics such as resistance to acculturation, problem-centeredness, acceptance of herself and others, creativity, simplicity, and being natural is a sign of self-actualization. She tries to reach the requirements in steps 4 and 5 of Maslow’s pyramid, and on this way, along with the resistance to the dominant culture, she reaches self-actualization by developing her talents like composing poems and playing music.

Research Paper

Manifestations of Difference in the Novel Al-Las and Al-Kilab using Bourdieu’s Sociological Model

Ali Sayadani; Yazdan Heydarpour Marand; Sakineh Heydarpour Marand

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, Pages 109-128

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.317112.612340

Abstract

In Bourdieu’s view, social world is based on difference, and difference is manifested in structural concepts such as social space, field, class, capital and also in practice concepts ... Read More

Research Paper

Interaction of dynamic and Static Illustrators in the Dynamics of Imro al-Qays's Moallaghe Images

Aliakbar Forati; Zohre Nooraenia

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, Pages 129-150

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.313541.612309

Abstract

Living in desert and not being permanently settled in one place have been the poetic features of the pagan Arab poets, especially Imro Al-Qais; The factor that has caused this movement ... Read More Living in desert and not being permanently settled in one place have been the poetic features of the pagan Arab poets, especially Imro Al-Qais; The factor that has caused this movement and dynamism to be considered as a dominant element in their poetry, so that there has always been a kind of metamorphosis in their poetry along with the passage of time. In Imro Al-Qais’s Muallaqa, which is considered to be the foremost of ignorant poetry, parallel movement occurs in his poetry and becomes an effective element in the pictorial structures of the poem and also an important factor in its advancement, so that it can be claimed this dynamic element is the most important mortar of the coherence and continuity in his components of Muallaqa. An element that is born of the poet's realistic approach and his sensory view of nature and the result of his life balanced with the world around him. An inward-outward movement that originates from his inner feelings, gradually expands it into his out world, and finally connects the pulse of his romances to the paradigm shift of nature in the final images of the poem. In this way, the images of movement become an important and prominent element in the literary image of Imro Al-Qais's poet. The present study, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner and with the aim of creating a new look at illustration in the Imro Al-Qais’s Muallaqa, seeks to answer the question of what structures provided dynamic images in his poetry and how these structures achieve a general picture of movement and life were they effective in this poem? This study shows that the image of motion in the Imro Al-Qais’s Muallaqa is the result of the active presence of static and dynamic structures such as linguistic, rhetorical narrative components and also effective elements of time and place that referred to as structures images or pictorial structures. Structures that sometimes independently and sometimes in interaction with each other have made the general image of movement in his poetry stand out.

Research Paper

Cultural Compatibility of Immigrants in Alaa al-Asvani's Novel Chicago Based on Barry's Theory of Culturalization

Nassrin Kazemzadeh; Mostafa Mahdavi Ara; Malek Abdi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, Pages 151-172

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.317476.612344

Abstract

The phenomenon of migration is one of the most complex demographic phenomena, and the process of adaptation of migrants to the destination is a much more complex phenomenon.Because ... Read More

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Volume & Issue: Volume 13, Issue 4, March 2022, Pages 1-172

A Study of the Ruler Archetype in Little Death Based on Pearson-Maar Theory

Abstract

The Semiotics of “Title” in Mohammad Helmi al-Risheh's Poetry; Cases Studies: “La To'teni Tafahata Okhra” , “Resalatan ela Kalimollah” and “Ababil”

Abstract

A Study of Principles of Critical Realism in the Novel of An Iraqi in Paris by Samuel Shimon

Abstract

Ode to “Nahj al-Burdeh” by Ahmad Shoghi in the Mirror of Critical and Rhetorical Views, by Mahmoud Bostani

Abstract

The Analysis of Protagonist in the Novel Ayyām Maʻah based on Abraham Maslow’s Self-Actualization

Abstract

Manifestations of Difference in the Novel Al-Las and Al-Kilab using Bourdieu’s Sociological Model

Abstract

Interaction of dynamic and Static Illustrators in the Dynamics of Imro al-Qays's Moallaghe Images

Abstract

Cultural Compatibility of Immigrants in Alaa al-Asvani's Novel Chicago Based on Barry's Theory of Culturalization

Abstract