Arabic Literature - Articles in Press

Typology of Quranic Narratives in Discovering Social and Semantic Functions of Item, Analysis of Moses and Samiri

Ebrahim Fallah; sajad shafipour

Volume 10, Issue 2 , December 2018, , Pages 271-290

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.245907.611814

Abstract

In this study, the typology of the narrative structure of Moses (AS) and Samiri in two macro-level stories as the basis and raw material of narrative and speech including the artistic ... Read More

Sarcasm in Nizār Qabbāni’s Work “Hawāmish Ala Daftar al_Naksah”

Sayyed Reza Mirahmadi; Ali Najafi Ivaki; Seppideh aqajanpur

Volume 8, Issue 1 , September 2016, , Pages 283-304

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2016.60185

Abstract

Nizār Qabbāni,the contemporary Syrian Poet (1923-1998), is known as the poet of woman in the field of poetry and have been mostly criticised from this poin of view. A detailed scrutiny ... Read More

A Study of Contemporary Arab Critics’ Views on Signification of Meaning in Poetry

Abolhasan Amin moghaddasi; farzaneh Ajorloo

Volume 11, Issue 2 , October 2019, , Pages 295-314

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.253415.611871

Abstract

The signification of meaning by terms in poetry, in a way, resembles the conventional system of language in that each term signifies its own signified meaning. This is the symbolic ... Read More

Verbal Irony in Jāhiz’s Fables in the Book of “al-Būkhalā”

hasan meghyasi; Samira Farahani

Volume 9, Issue 1 , December 2017, , Pages 279-294

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2017.214530.611537

Abstract

One of the most important kinds of ironies is verbal irony which has been utilized in the level, and in this oral method which words meaning, consciously and unconsciously, opposite ... Read More

The Impact of Palestinian Sustainability on Human Discourse in Fadwᾱ Touqᾱn’s Poetry

Navid Piri; Mehdi Torkshavand; Ali Asghar Eskandari

Volume 10, Issue 2 , December 2018, , Pages 291-309

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.241552.611782

Abstract

Concepts and values like liberty, love and dignity which are innately familiar to human beings have a special place in Fadwᾱ Touqᾱn’s Divan and shape his humanistic discourse. ... Read More Concepts and values like liberty, love and dignity which are innately familiar to human beings have a special place in Fadwᾱ Touqᾱn’s Divan and shape his humanistic discourse. Using the mysterious and alluding language of the poet to transfer the discursive concepts and the emphasis on the internal and external correlation, in the first place, expresses the stifling of the society, and in continuation indicates the poet’ s effort to grasp the line of union. This research studies the effects of resilience of Palestine on the humanistic discourse in Fadwᾱ Touqᾱn’s Divan. The research method is descriptive-analytic and uses the existing documents related to the subject matter. The categories studies in this paper are: love, liberty, dignity, fighting against oppression and death. The most important findings of this study include impersonality of love, love as a genuine social value which is rooted in homeland and its people, liberty as equivalent with life, death as equivalent with life, realisation of the poets’ prophecy in safe guarding the dignity of the people of the homeland, defining the way to dignity in realisation of the freedom of the homeland and coming home of the refugees, using the metaphor of plague for the oppression and injustice which has shredded the homeland and defining the way out of it by collecting all the internal and external forces, belief in the necessity of the flesh to return back to the soil of the homeland because it came from the same soil to get resurrected and declaring this as the reason for the delight of death. From the viewpoint of Fadwᾱ Touqᾱn, the freedom will be more lasting if it is attained by fighting and struggling and its permanence will be greater for future generations. Love is the leaven of unity that can trigger the love of the homeland, and the body, rising from the earth, must return to the same origin; and in this way the poet rushes to meet death.

Sahib ibn Abbad’s Rooznamejeh and His Daily Account of Baghdad

Hossein Imanian

Volume 11, Issue 2 , October 2019, , Pages 317-338

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.274522.612021

Abstract

There is no doubt that most of post-Islamic Iranian ancient literature, either in Persian or Arabic, is still in the form of manuscripts which have not been corrected. Even those corrected ... Read More

Sources of Arabic Verses and Phrases of Maqᾱmᾱt-i-Ḥamidi (Ḥamidi Short Stories): part II

Sayyed Morteza Hoseini

Volume 10, Issue 2 , December 2018, , Pages 313-332

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2019.134780.611354

Abstract

Writing Maqᾱmᾱt in Prose Persian for first time Emerged With Maqᾱmᾱt of Judge Ḥamid al-Din Abū Bakr Muḥammad Ibn Omar ibn Ali Balkhi From the masterpieces of Persian prose ... Read More

The Study and Investigation of the Zubdat al-I’rab Manuscript Written by AbdAllah-Ibn-Muhammad

Faezeh Safaieh; Abdolhossein Feghhi,

Volume 14, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 1-20

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.311326.612289

Abstract

The manuscripts are the written heritages and possessions of our predecessors and their maintenance and retention is of great importance. The “Zobdat al-E’rab” manuscript, ... Read More The manuscripts are the written heritages and possessions of our predecessors and their maintenance and retention is of great importance. The “Zobdat al-E’rab” manuscript, which is written by “AbdAllah-Ibn-Muhammad”, is a book including Morphological and syntactical topics, which in particular deals with the grammatical analysis and brief description of the “Ezhar al-Asrar Fi al-Nahv” that is written by “Muhammad-Ibn-PirAli-Ibn-Eskandar Berkavy”. Besides the technical, educational and scientific worthiness and importance, this book worths noting, correction and criticism since it is the first grammatical analysis of the “Ezhar al-Asrar” book. It should be emphasized that the “Ezhar Al-asrar” book is among the important and significant morphological scientific and educational books which is taught in most of the religious schools of Turkey. Four copies of the “Zobdat-al-E’rab” have been found in the libraries all over the world, which one of them preserves in the library of the Islamic Parliament of Iran. Other copies of this valuable book exist in big libraries in the world such as the French National library and library of the “King Faisal” university. Using a descriptive, analytical approach, this paper provides biographies of the authors of the “Ezhar al-Asrar” and the “Zobdat al-E’rab ” books and introduces the “Zobdat al-E’rab” manuscript completely. Also, the excellences, shortcomings and technical issues of the manuscript have been presented which are obtained during the collation, investigation, and correction. The exact writing dates for two copies of this manuscript are unknown to us. Also the writing dates of the two other copies are much later than the writing date of the original copy. As a result, determination of the first and the original copy seems to be difficult. One of the important results which is obtained and reported by this paper is the best way which can be used in order to correct this manuscript.

A Study of the Ruler Archetype in Little Death Based on Pearson-Maar Theory

Ali Asvadi; Zahra Izadi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, , Pages 1-15

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.316086.612338

Abstract

The character and its transcendence are common themes between mysticism, psychology, and literature. Hence, mystics and psychologists have always been curious about understanding it ... Read More The character and its transcendence are common themes between mysticism, psychology, and literature. Hence, mystics and psychologists have always been curious about understanding it and identifying the path of its evolution. This curiosity has also been manifested in literature. Salient characters' appearance as heroes further adds to the significance of the function of the Self archetype. Little Death narrates the formation of the character of one of the distinguished faces of mysticism and Islamic Sufism, Muhyī al-Dīn Arabi. In a way known as the father of the unity of existence in Islamic thought, Ibn Arabi opened a new window to Islamic mysticism by founding theoretical mysticism. Ibn Arabi has propounded many theories in mysticism, the most important of which is the unity of existence and perfect man. The elevation and growth of the character are among the subjects that have reduced the distance between new psychological theories and genuine concepts in mysticism, such as the perfect man theory. Inspired by the autobiography produced by Sheik Akbar in his book Meccan Revelations, Mohammad Hassan Alwan adopts a post-modernist approach to narrate two parallel stories. The first story expresses the life events of Ibn Arabi, and the second story tells his biography. This paper examines the character of Ibn Arabi from a psychological and theoretical perspective based on the Pearson-Mar theory.To this end, the two stories were separated, and only the story of Ibn Arabi's life events was examined. Examining the ideas of Ibn Arabi indicated a significant relationship between his theory of perfect man and the archetype of the ruler (among the twelve archetypes of the Pearson-Maar theory). Upon departure, initiation, and return, the protagonist reveals the characteristics of the ruler archetype, which are close to the characteristics of the perfect man propounded by Ibn Arabi: Each has specific criteria for self-actualization of character potentials.

The Functioning of the Factor Model in the Novel Al-Sinbad Al-Aama by Buthaina Al-Isa in the Light of the Structural Perspectives of Julian Greimas

Khalil Hamdawi; Mohammad javad Pourabed; Naser Zare; Rasool Ballwy

Volume 15, Issue 4 , November 2023, , Pages 1-23

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2022.339070.612514

Abstract

Greimas factor model is one of the basic components of Greimas propositions about the surface structure of the text. The factor model is based on three models of factors: essence/subject, ... Read More

The Semiotics of “Title” in Mohammad Helmi al-Risheh's Poetry; Cases Studies: “La To'teni Tafahata Okhra” , “Resalatan ela Kalimollah” and “Ababil”

Nahid Phishgam; Yahya Maroof; Majid Mohammadi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, , Pages 17-37

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.320023.612368

Abstract

Literary semiotics, as a modern science at the present time, seeks to decode and discover the signs of the text by using the syntagmatic relations between words and the special arrangement ... Read More Literary semiotics, as a modern science at the present time, seeks to decode and discover the signs of the text by using the syntagmatic relations between words and the special arrangement of words. “Title” of text is one of the important codes of semiotics and is the showcase of text which can have an important relationship with the main text and guides the reader to discover the author's mental concepts; hence it can be said that “title” plays an important role in decoding a text. Mohammad Helmi Al-Risheh (1985) is one of the poets who often uses symbols and signs to convey his poetic mission to the audience.He considers “title” as a key to entering the text, and has paid special attention to it. “Title” at the beginning of many of his odes gives a fillip to the mind of audience. in this paper, “La To'teni Tafahata Okhra” , “Resalatan ela Kalimollah” and “Ababil” will be discussed as the cases studies.Since the titles of the three poems are based on the invoking of Quranic stories, the present study aims to investigate the title of these odes from semiotic perspective and analyze their relationship with the main text based on the Quranic intertextuality. This paper also recounts the poet's purpose for invoking the Quranic stories and examines the functions of the title of the text during its reading and explores the titles at the structural and significational level and analyzes its functions.The findings of this research indicate that the titles of the poems have been taken from Quranic stories and is in line with the main text, which the poet has used to induce his mental schemata. Also, titles are sometimes directly related to the text; that is, in terms of meaning and sound, they have been taken from the text and sometimes their function is indirect. So the reader to discover this relationship needs more effort. Also, the mentioned titles are signifiers with their own signified and have descriptive and attractive functions.

The Metafiction Techniques and Play in the Novel The Game of Forgetting

Razieh Sadrikhanloo; Alireza Shaikhi; Abd-ol,ali Alebooye Langeroodi; Mostafa Parsaeipour

Volume 14, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 21-41

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.320833.612372

Abstract

Metafiction is the author's writing style and the style of consciously and deliberately playing on narrative structures and subjecting the skills of writing. By deviating or escaping ... Read More Metafiction is the author's writing style and the style of consciously and deliberately playing on narrative structures and subjecting the skills of writing. By deviating or escaping from the established norms of traditional narrative and even adhering to it, metafiction tries to introduce the previous literariness and self-consciousness as a hollow deviation, And expose the narrative tricks of claiming to be truthful - for the unrighteous purpose of absolute truthfulness - in order to prove that it is impossible to resolve the conflict between voices and ideologies by subjugating them under the voice of an omniscient and God-like author, And happily demonstrates the impossibility of the ultimate understanding of truth in the light of one-sided domination. Metafiction as a sub-genre, with its mentally processing and self-evaluative and dialectical annotations, seeks to clarify the truth with an enlightening reflection on the processes of creation of the story, and relying on Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, along with clarifying the nature of the story. Combined with the concept of relativism, game theory, as a way of properly understanding world routines, contributes to the realistic achievements of literature in the metafiction as a self-founded activity with definite value in the real world. By pretending to play roles and contracts of the game, the unstructured and arbitrary nature of the game, helps metafiction -while exploring the functions and seemingly known but practically unknown nature of the story- to shatter dysfunctional traditions and unpopular worldviews. In recognizing these Attitudes of recently known paradigm in metafiction, relying on descriptive-analytical research method and processing metafiction theory data, we intend especially from the point of view of "Patricia Waugh", to understand the efficiency of the components of metafiction and explain its qualities and the role of play in the promotion of making metafiction, in the novel The Game of Forgetting by “Mohammad Baradeh”, to recognize the innovations of the first Arab step in the migration from the absolutist ideas of modernism in fictional factology. Researching these cases we found out that M.Barrada, in the application of tricky techniques like short-circuit, trick revelation, character rebellion, metafictonal collage, and arbitrary naming, he always acting gamefully, owes much to the principle of relativism and the multi-faceted nature of truth and and thus establishes a solid basis for Arabic metafiction.

The Language and the Emotion of Love in Surat Yusuf - Peace Be Upon Him

Seyede afaf Mohammadi; Jalal Marami

Volume 15, Issue 4 , November 2023, , Pages 25-42

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2023.350482.612616

Abstract

Language, along with all the signs and symbols of this word, is an important event in different peoples’ minds, regardless of their eras, homelands, and specializations. Researchers ... Read More Language, along with all the signs and symbols of this word, is an important event in different peoples’ minds, regardless of their eras, homelands, and specializations. Researchers are looking deeper to find out what lies behind it. It is the spoken or written language of the impulse that led to its emergence, and since man used it in dialogue and writing, he expresses himself without others and is silent about it.This process, word selection, takes place in a specific area of the human mind. This work includes two human sciences: psychology and linguistics, that is, the sciences that study human thought, and the sciences that study the language. The most appropriate is what a person speaks, the words that express his thoughts and emotions. So the relationship between language, thought and emotions is a mutual relationship of influence and vulnerability, and all kinds of ideas are expressed by language, so language can perform two main functions; It may be a tool for expressing objective facts and issues, and in this case, its aim is simply to communicate and convey ideas, but it may also have an emotional and dynamic function mainly, that is, its function then is to express emotions and emotions, stir up feelings and influence behavior. Human... All aspects of language related to the emotional impact of language on speech may contribute, including stress, rhythm, intonation, word choice, suffixes, word order, and placement within sentences and phrases.Through the analytical approach, this research aims to reveal the rhetorical aspects of the emotion of love in Surat Yusuf (peace be upon him), 1- enrich the applied aspect in the Quranic rhetoric, and demonstrate the impact of the rhetorical approach in revealing meanings and persuading them and their synergy in highlighting the meanings and serving them. 2- Changing the stylistic pattern according to the requirements of each speech, whether in terms of the speaker or terms of the event. 3- The language of Yusuf (PBUH) was promoted. 4- The appearance of the beloved's wife's speech more than others in the emotion of love, and its diversity on three levels: the letter of desire, the letter of threat, and the speech of confession and repentance. 5- The integrity of the language of the story from all negative effects, despite the sensitivity of the subject

A Study of Principles of Critical Realism in the Novel of An Iraqi in Paris by Samuel Shimon

Zahra Haghayeghi; Ahmadreza Heidaryan shahri; Bahar Seddighi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, , Pages 39-62

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.317482.612345

Abstract

Critical realism as a literary school has a special place in the critique of fiction, a school that reflects social life with an objective approach to facts. Samuel Shimon in his novel ... Read More

Representation of Violence in the Vovel At the ISIS Table based on the Slavoj Žižek Theory

Zeinab Ghasemiasl; Hosein Elyasi mofrad

Volume 14, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 43-64

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.319022.612358

Abstract

Since violence represents suppressive aspect of power, a violent relationship between the inferior and superior parties is inevitable. By combining philosophical and everyday life concepts, ... Read More

Critical Discourse Analysis of the Ode "Journey to the Cities of Love" Written by Abdul Wahab Bayati Based on Van Leeuwen's Theory

raja abuali; Shahrzad Amirsoleymani

Volume 15, Issue 4 , November 2023, , Pages 43-70

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2023.350767.612607

Abstract

Critical discourse analysis examines the dialectical relations between language, discourse and society and examines the consolidated hegemony of these relations at the level of social ... Read More Critical discourse analysis examines the dialectical relations between language, discourse and society and examines the consolidated hegemony of these relations at the level of social practice and the changes resulting from these relations. Critical discourse analysis explains the relationship between the text and the author's perspective.The analysis of critical discourse prepares the ground to benefit from it to treat literary texts that reflect political and social issues for societies in general and for Arab society in particular. Due to his politically and socially unstable life, Bayati chose poetry as a weapon to rebel against the prevailing situation and awaken thoughts in his backward society. Therefore, this research aims to portray the social agents in the poem "The Journey to the Cities of Love" and to determine the meanings of the aspects hidden in it and the semiotic and social elements, based on Van Leyen's theory, relying on the descriptive-analytical approach. In this poem, social agents are depicted with two methods of elimination and expression. Bayati removed the social agents who oppressed the people and deprived them of their freedom. But he identified the agents who rose up against the oppression and used the method of expression. Bayati has given legitimacy to concepts such as defiance, honor, revolution, and avoiding isolation by using myth and authorization and rationality and value for emphasizing his own perspective.Therefore,the strategy of authorization in this ode is very clear to legitimize these abstract concepts.In this discourse ,the naminalization is represented more along with the implicit meaning which is a type of statement in order to express the importance of the role of the characters in the awakening of the people and also to give legitimacy to their discourse based on the invitation to modernity and the awakening of rusty thoughts.As it has tended to delegitimize concepts such as stagnation, stagnation, lack of freedom, killing, and exile based on the theory of Van Leuween.

Ode to “Nahj al-Burdeh” by Ahmad Shoghi in the Mirror of Critical and Rhetorical Views, by Mahmoud Bostani

Abolfazl Rezayi; Fatemeh Rais Mirzaei

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, , Pages 63-85

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.309395.612271

Abstract

The structuralism method, which is considered by Mahmoud Bostani as one of the methods of text analysis, analyzes a literary work based on eight literary elements: message, subject, ... Read More The structuralism method, which is considered by Mahmoud Bostani as one of the methods of text analysis, analyzes a literary work based on eight literary elements: message, subject, semantic, formal, verbal, musical, literary and structure and by explaining the relationship between the aesthetic and semantic aspects of a literary work, examines and analyzes its general structure as a single body. Bostani's views on the structural method, which he explains and introduces in the two books "Al-Qawa'd al-Balaghah in the light of the Islamic method" and "Al-Balaghah al-Hadith in the light of the Islamic method", is a combination of traditionalism and modernism in the analysis of a literary work. This means that he tries to apply new literary perspectives in studying and analyzing the work based on its structure and texture, while adhering to traditional rhetoric. What we are looking for in this research is the study of the beauties and literary meanings of Nahj al-Burdeh's ode by Ahmad Shoghi based on Mahmoud Bostani's structuralism method and based on four elements: semantic, formal, musical and structure, in this regard, we found that in Nahj al-Burda's ode, among the mentioned elements, mystery and metaphor as two elements of formal elements, pun and balance as musical elements, in addition to aesthetic aspects, had a semantic function and played an effective role in inducing concepts and themes. In this regard, we found that in Nahj al-Barda's ode, among the mentioned elements, code and metaphor as two elements of formal elements and pun and balance as musical elements, in addition to the aesthetic aspect, also had a semantic function and played a role in inducing concepts and themes. They have been effective and the element of repetition and contrast as semantic elements, by creating an internal rhythm, have also strengthened the aesthetic aspect of the ode and based on the element of structure, we found that the themes and concepts of the ode with each other and with other verbal and musical elements and imagination have a reciprocal relationship. In other words, the elements of aesthetics and semantics in this ode are interrelated, which indicates that this ode has homogeneity and organism of the text and this has made it one of the best prophetic praises, not only in form and structure, but also in content.

Sociological Reading of the Novel Sharafat al-Aar based on the Capital and Character of Social Actors in the Field of Cultural Production

Mohammadnabi Ahmadi; Edris Mohamadi

Volume 14, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 65-86

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.319016.612357

Abstract

The novel Sharafat al-Aar narrates the lives of characters with different inherent and acquired capitals and talents who compete and play together in the common field of cultural production ... Read More

A Comparative Study of the Ode "Maghtale Bozorgmehr" by Khalil Mutran in the Context of Historical Truth and its Literary Function

Majid Salehbek; reza jalili gilandeh

Volume 15, Issue 4 , November 2023, , Pages 71-97

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2023.359892.612692

Abstract

This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of Khalil Mutran's ode, "Maghtale Bozorgmeher", by investigating its literary function in light of Persian historical and literary ... Read More

Sound Symbolism Continuum in Nizar Qabbaniˈs Poetry; Based on Hintonˈs Theory

Shahla Shakibaee far; Roho allah Saiiadi nejad

Volume 14, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 87-108

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.315419.612322

Abstract

Iconicity which represents the aroused link between a significance and a signifier, considers the language structure influenced by human's emotional perception from the outside world ... Read More Iconicity which represents the aroused link between a significance and a signifier, considers the language structure influenced by human's emotional perception from the outside world as a metalanguage factor. This principle is considering the sign of a cognition from the most important beautification elements and the most main tools of transmission of meaning in Nizar Qabbani's poem. In this regard, the present research is accomplished aiming to be characterized different levels of phonetic arousal in the poet's poems on an appendix from the highest to the lowest degree of clarity in the framework of phonetic symbolism theory by Hinton & et, al.The analysis of Qabbani poems based on the continuum proposed by Hinton and his colleagues is important because by relying on this method in an objective and coherent way and based on modern scientific principles, we can examine the phonetic significance of signs and determine their degrees of arusal. Explained the linguistic forms with their examples in real world; therefore, in the present stydy, we try to examine different types of arusal from the highest to the lowest degree of clarity in Qabbani poems according to Hintonˈs phonetic symbolism pattern and answer these qustions. Be: what are the types of principal signs in Nizar Qabbaniˈs poem? Can signs be placed on a continuum from the ultimate arusal to the ultimate symbolism? Dose the imagery of Qabbaniˈs signs and poetry contradict the principle of optional words? The research results represent that different kinds of phonetic symbolism in Qabbani's poem are: objective, imitative, combinational and conventional. The objective signs in the poet's poems include emotional sounds and expressions of interjection, surprise and ... contain the most level of iconicity. Then, sequentially, imitative symbols in the form of words, onomatopoeia, combinational signs which are observed in the form of vowel repetition or special correspondency, and conventional symbols which are formed with sequence of certain phonemes, are ranked in second, third and fourth position of the continuum.

The Analysis of Protagonist in the Novel Ayyām Maʻah based on Abraham Maslow’s Self-Actualization

Payman Salehi; kolsom bagheri

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, , Pages 87-107

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.318421.612354

Abstract

The psychological criticism is one of the novel techniques in literary criticism which tries to examine what is beyond the literary work in order to find the interconnection between ... Read More The psychological criticism is one of the novel techniques in literary criticism which tries to examine what is beyond the literary work in order to find the interconnection between art and the artist. The American psychologist, Abraham Maslow, believes that human beings need to grow, and to achieve this growth and development, they need to fulfill five steps of requirements including physiological, security, social, esteem and self-actualization needs. In fact, these needs help the individual accomplish the ultimate goal and first, lower level needs must be satisfied so that the person can reach higher levels and finally self-actualization. In this regard, the present research, through the descriptive-analytical approach, examines the protagonist of the novel Ayyām maʻah by Colette Khoury, the Syrian author based on Maslow’s theory. The novel is mostly indicative of Koury’s character and her society whose restrictions are the biggest obstacles to the growth and excellence of the women. Despite the obstacles, most of the women are trying harder to resist them in order to reach perfection for creativity and self-actualization. The results of this study indicate that the aforesaid novel matches the indices mentioned by Maslow for self-actualization. Most women and girls do not have the chance to develop and nurture their talents and capacity because of obstacles like irrational customs and traditions. The most obvious need of the protagonist is the presence of a supporter who can remove the obstacles to her growth and grant her wishes. Although she does not have all self-actualization components, having characteristics such as resistance to acculturation, problem-centeredness, acceptance of herself and others, creativity, simplicity, and being natural is a sign of self-actualization. She tries to reach the requirements in steps 4 and 5 of Maslow’s pyramid, and on this way, along with the resistance to the dominant culture, she reaches self-actualization by developing her talents like composing poems and playing music.

Manifestation of Existential Philosophy in the Novel "Ana Horra" by Ehsan Abd al-Qadoos Based on the Theory of Carl Jaspers

yousof motaghian nia; Naeem Amouri

Volume 15, Issue 4 , November 2023, , Pages 99-118

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2023.364783.612723

Abstract

Existentialism is a philosophical system that explores thought, human and personal values, and seeks the existence of an authentic human being. Jaspers considers it human's duty to ... Read More

Manifestations of Difference in the Novel Al-Las and Al-Kilab using Bourdieu’s Sociological Model

Ali Sayadani; Yazdan Heydarpour Marand; Sakineh Heydarpour Marand

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, , Pages 109-128

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.317112.612340

Abstract

In Bourdieu’s view, social world is based on difference, and difference is manifested in structural concepts such as social space, field, class, capital and also in practice concepts ... Read More

Study and Analysis of Novel I Lead You to Others by Aicha Arnaout based on the Sense of Place Theory

Abdolahad Gheibi; Mahin Hajizadeh; Amir Farhangdust

Volume 14, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 109-128

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2021.321344.612373

Abstract

In the contemporary era, along with his changing thought and feelings, human being has transformed story writing ,as well and unlike the past, has hidden the meaning under beneath layers ... Read More

The Reader-Response Criticism of 'Alaa Shakir's Novel "The Tomb of England" Based on Wolfgang Iser's Theory

Kolsoom Bagheri; Naser Zare

Volume 15, Issue 4 , November 2023, , Pages 119-142

https://doi.org/10.22059/jalit.2023.362383.612705

Abstract

There are many studies on reader-response criticism; studies that require extraordinary precision in reading text. Especially if the text is narration. If the author is present in the ... Read More There are many studies on reader-response criticism; studies that require extraordinary precision in reading text. Especially if the text is narration. If the author is present in the narrative text, the work becomes harder for the researcher. Also, when he is beyond the text or there is a collection of narrators in the narrative. The research requires the study of literary systems, types of reader such as true reader and implied reader and its kinds, in order to disclose the interpretations that the text contains. Among the Arab novelists who have widely paid attention to the writing of unfamiliar texts is the Iraqi writer 'Alaa Shakir, especially in his fantasy surrealistic novel of "The Tomb of England" in which the events, characters, plot, and narrators are intertwined. In addition, there is a dead narrator who tells the process of his death, and another narrator who ends the novel in the form of a meta-narrative, so that the novel provides great spaces for the reader's interpretation. The research seeks the intrinsic point of view, the audience of the narrative, phenomenology, the implied reader and the horizon of expectations, the reader's experience, and the literary and psychological ability of the reader. According to the researchers' survey, ideal and comprehensive reader types were found in the novel. This research has a descriptive-analytical approach, and refers to the opinions of expert thinkers in the field of reader's reading. The most important finding of this research is that the reader in this novel is active, not passive. In addition, its text is not a closed text, but rather open to multiple readings. As Shakir has given the reader sufficient freedom to move through the scope of the text. His focus is on the pivotal role of the reader in creating the text. Actually, Shaker makes the reader participate in the creative process which leads to a strong interaction between the reader and the text

Volume 16 (2024)

Volume 15 (2023)

Volume 14 (2022)

Volume 13 (2021)

Volume 12 (2020)

Volume 11 (2019)

Volume 10 (2018)

Volume 9 (2017)

Volume 8 (2016)

Volume 7 (2015)

Volume 6 (2014)

Volume 5 (2013)

Volume 4 (2012)

Volume 3 (2011)

Volume 1 (2010)

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